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   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  

   3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent  

     to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  

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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  

     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_GIN_NimbaSNR.png | 400px | thumb| right | Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (Republic of Guinea) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]

 

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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve]]

[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

[[File:Nimba_Mountains_Mt_Leclerc_Koops.JPG|400px|thumb|right|Mount Leclerc © Kathelijne Koops]]

[[File:Nimba_Mountains_Mt_Leclerc_Koops.JPG|400px|thumb|right|Mount Leclerc © Kathelijne Koops]]

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve.  

* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve.  

* There is an ongoing study to determine the chimpanzee population size (Koops et al. in prep.).  

* There is an ongoing study to determine the chimpanzee population size (Koops et al. in prep.).  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

[[File: GIN_Nimba_M_Fitzgerald.JPG | 400px | thumb| right | Nimba Mountains (Guinea)  © Maegan Fitzgerald]]

[[File: GIN_Nimba_M_Fitzgerald.JPG | 400px | thumb| right | Nimba Mountains (Guinea)  © Maegan Fitzgerald]]

'''Table 1: Basic site information for Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|-

|-

|Coordinates

|Coordinates

|7.64 N, 8.41 W

|7.64, -8.41

|-

|-

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, dry savanna, permanent rivers, arable land

|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, dry savanna, permanent rivers, arable land

|}

|}

[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Long-term chimpanzee research has been ongoing at the Seringbara study site since 2003 on the Guinean side of the Nimba Mountains (Koops 2011). The Seringbara study site is on the western side of the Nimba Mountains, in the foothills adjacent to the small village of Seringbara in south-eastern Guinea (7° 37’50.0”N, 8° 27’44.7”W). The study area covers about 30 km² and is about 6 km southeast of the Bossou research site and 10 km from the Yealé study site on the other side of the Nimba Mountains in Ivory Coast. The Seringbara region of the Nimba Mountains is separated from the Bossou hills by 4 km of savannah. Since 2003, Kathelijne Koops has directed research at the Seringbara study site and researchers and field assistants have maintained a near-constant presence at the site. The study population remains only partly habituated to human observers due to the extremely rugged nature of the terrain. For more information on the study site, see Koops (2011), Koops et al (2007; 2010; 2012a, b; 2013; 2015, 2019) and Fitzgerald et al. (2018).

Long-term chimpanzee research has been ongoing at the Seringbara study site since 2003 on the Guinean side of the Nimba Mountains (Koops 2011). The Seringbara study site is on the western side of the Nimba Mountains, in the foothills adjacent to the small village of Seringbara in south-eastern Guinea (7° 37’50.0”N, 8° 27’44.7”W). The study area covers about 30 km² and is about 6 km southeast of the Bossou research site and 10 km from the Yealé study site on the other side of the Nimba Mountains in Ivory Coast. The Seringbara region of the Nimba Mountains is separated from the Bossou hills by 4 km of savannah. Since 2003, Kathelijne Koops has directed research at the Seringbara study site and researchers and field assistants have maintained a near-constant presence at the site. The study population remains only partly habituated to human observers due to the extremely rugged nature of the terrain. For more information on the study site, see Koops (2011), Koops et al (2007; 2010; 2012a, b; 2013; 2015, 2019) and Fitzgerald et al. (2018).

 

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

! Species

! Species

! Year

! Year

! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate (per km²)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

! Area

According to the World Heritage Centre, the Guinean government arranged for all mining operations to halt in the reserve and that mining permits had been withdrawn (UNESCO 2018b). However, mining will commence in the mining enclave, a part of the World Heritage Site that has been declassified. The World Heritage Center concluded that provided information was ambiguous, and that Environmental and Social Impact Assessments had not yet been implemented by mining companies or did not confirm to international standards (UNESCO 2018b). In addition, there are plans to tarmac a road from Lola (Guinea) to Danané (Côte d’Ivoire) that would pass by Mount Nimba and likely negatively impact biodiversity due to pollution, increased poaching and illegal logging (UNESCO 2018b).

According to the World Heritage Centre, the Guinean government arranged for all mining operations to halt in the reserve and that mining permits had been withdrawn (UNESCO 2018b). However, mining will commence in the mining enclave, a part of the World Heritage Site that has been declassified. The World Heritage Center concluded that provided information was ambiguous, and that Environmental and Social Impact Assessments had not yet been implemented by mining companies or did not confirm to international standards (UNESCO 2018b). In addition, there are plans to tarmac a road from Lola (Guinea) to Danané (Côte d’Ivoire) that would pass by Mount Nimba and likely negatively impact biodiversity due to pollution, increased poaching and illegal logging (UNESCO 2018b).

 

'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

|-

|-

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops

|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops

|Medium

|Medium

|0.62 signs of agriculture/km (37 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|0.62 signs of agriculture/km (37 signs of agriculture, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|-

|-

|

|

|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching

|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching

|Present

|Present

|

|

|-

|-

|3. Energy production & mining

|3. Energy production & mining

|3.2. Mining & Quarrying

|3.2 Mining & quarrying

|Present

|Present

|0.05 signs of mines/km (3 signs of mines, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|0.05 signs of mines/km (3 signs of mines, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|-

|-

|4. Transportation & service corridors

|4. Transportation & service corridors

|4.1. Roads & railroads

|4.1 Roads & railroads

|Present

|Present

|0.08 roads/km (5 roads, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|0.08 roads/km (5 roads, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|-

|-

|5. Biological resource use

|5. Biological resource use

|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals

|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals

|High

|High

|2.74 signs of hunting/km (163 signs of hunting, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|2.74 signs of hunting/km (163 signs of hunting, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|-

|-

|

|

|5.2. Gathering terrestrial plants

|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants

|Medium

|Medium

|

|

|-

|-

|

|

|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting

|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting

|Medium

|Medium

|0.40 signs of wood extraction/km 24 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|0.40 signs of wood extraction/km 24 signs of wood extraction, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|-

|-

|7. Natural system modifications

|7. Natural system modifications

|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression

|7.1 Fire & fire suppression

|Medium

|Medium

|0.07 signs of fire/km (4 signs of fire, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

|0.07 signs of fire/km (4 signs of fire, survey effort: 59.424 km, WCF 2012)

The nine-month project ‘Strengthening capacity of local communities to sustainably manage Mount Nimba’s natural resources’ headed by BirdLife International and financed by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund’s (CEPF) was implemented by the ‘Initiative de Base pour la Gestion des Ressources Naturelles’ (IBGRN) until February 2018 ([https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/fighting-rural-poverty-community-empowered-conserve-guinean-mountain-reserve  BirdLife International 2018b]). The project established community groups, youth-led or women-led, and also two networks of traditional healers and hunters, and the groups also received legal status. Implemented activities included workshops and trainings in “micro-projects, internal governance, financial management, marketing, advocacy and communication” (BirdLife International 2018b). In addition, group members were trained in gardening and farming practices, and use of fuel efficient stoves with the aim to reduce reliance on natural resources from the protected area (BirdLife International 2018b).  

The nine-month project ‘Strengthening capacity of local communities to sustainably manage Mount Nimba’s natural resources’ headed by BirdLife International and financed by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund’s (CEPF) was implemented by the ‘Initiative de Base pour la Gestion des Ressources Naturelles’ (IBGRN) until February 2018 ([https://www.birdlife.org/worldwide/news/fighting-rural-poverty-community-empowered-conserve-guinean-mountain-reserve  BirdLife International 2018b]). The project established community groups, youth-led or women-led, and also two networks of traditional healers and hunters, and the groups also received legal status. Implemented activities included workshops and trainings in “micro-projects, internal governance, financial management, marketing, advocacy and communication” (BirdLife International 2018b). In addition, group members were trained in gardening and farming practices, and use of fuel efficient stoves with the aim to reduce reliance on natural resources from the protected area (BirdLife International 2018b).  

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

Lack of transboundary cooperation as well as lack of technical, financial and human resources were mentioned as impediments to effective protection of the reserve (Granier and Martinez 2011, UNESCO 2018a, UNESCO 2018b).

Lack of transboundary cooperation as well as lack of technical, financial and human resources were mentioned as impediments to effective protection of the reserve (Granier and Martinez 2011, UNESCO 2018a, UNESCO 2018b).

'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

|-

|-

'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

= References =

= References =