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[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Nialama Classified Forest]]

[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Nialama Classified Forest]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Nialama Classified Forest.  

* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Nialama Classified Forest.  

* It has been estimated that more than 80 chimpanzees occur in and around Nialama Classified Forest.  

* It has been estimated that more than 80 chimpanzees occur in and around Nialama Classified Forest.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

* A community-based chimpanzee monitoring initiative has been established in 1998.  

* A community-based chimpanzee monitoring initiative has been established in 1998.  

* Nialama Classified Forest is co-managed by local communities and government authorities since 1999.

* Nialama Classified Forest is co-managed by local communities and government authorities since 1999.

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

Due to its bird diversity Nialama is designated an Important Bird Area with a total size of 120 km2 consisting of Nialama CF and adjacent areas (BirdLife International 2019). Several primate species occur in the forest: western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus''), king colobus (''Colobus polykomos''), Guinea baboon (''Papio papio''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), and Northern lesser galago (''Galago senegalensis'', Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). In addition, 17 species of amphibians have been recorded in Nialama CF (Hillers et al. 2008).

Due to its bird diversity Nialama is designated an Important Bird Area with a total size of 120 km2 consisting of Nialama CF and adjacent areas (BirdLife International 2019). Several primate species occur in the forest: western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus''), king colobus (''Colobus polykomos''), Guinea baboon (''Papio papio''), Campbell’s monkey (''Cercopithecus campbelli''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), and Northern lesser galago (''Galago senegalensis'', Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). In addition, 17 species of amphibians have been recorded in Nialama CF (Hillers et al. 2008).

 

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Nialama Classified Forest'''

 

'''Table 1: Basic site information for Nialama Classified Forest'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|-

|-

|Coordinates

|Coordinates

|11.73 N, 12.74 W

|11.73, -12.74

|-

|-

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical dry forest, swamps, arable land

|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical dry forest, swamps, arable land

|}

|}

[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees in Nialama CF (Ham 1998). Kormos identified Nialama CF as the third most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high abundance of chimpanzees and remaining suitable habitat (Ham 1998). A follow-up survey in 1998 concluded that at least three chimpanzee communities occur in Nialama CF and additional four groups use the site periodically (Fourrier 1999, Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Marc Fourrier (hired by Janis Carter to lead the conservation activities under the EU-funded project “Projet de Conservation de Chimpanzés en Guinée”) trained community members to monitor chimpanzees and set up a community-based monitoring system in which community members collected data monthly within and outside of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Funding for this project ceased in 2009 and the current status of the monitoring project was not reported (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).

In a nationwide survey Rebecca Kormos confirmed the presence of western chimpanzees in Nialama CF (Ham 1998). Kormos identified Nialama CF as the third most important priority area for western chimpanzee conservation in Guinea due to high abundance of chimpanzees and remaining suitable habitat (Ham 1998). A follow-up survey in 1998 concluded that at least three chimpanzee communities occur in Nialama CF and additional four groups use the site periodically (Fourrier 1999, Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Marc Fourrier (hired by Janis Carter to lead the conservation activities under the EU-funded project “Projet de Conservation de Chimpanzés en Guinée”) trained community members to monitor chimpanzees and set up a community-based monitoring system in which community members collected data monthly within and outside of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Funding for this project ceased in 2009 and the current status of the monitoring project was not reported (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).

 

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Nialama Classified Forest'''

'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Nialama Classified Forest'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

! Species

! Species

! Year

! Year

! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate (per km²)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

! Area

The main threat to chimpanzees is habitat destruction and fragmentation as a result of the expansion of agricultural areas (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). An additional threat to habitat include uncontrolled fires that are used to prepare agricultural zones for crop planting or grazing (Fourrier 1999, PEGG 2012).  Two villages are located within Nialama CF with a total population of several hundred inhabitants, and additional villages are located at the border of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). The expansion of agricultural areas also resulted in an increase in frequency of negative chimpanzee-human interactions, for example crop raiding killing of young livestock by chimpanzees, conflict over water sources and wild fruits and honey. Especially the first one can lead to the reduction in villager’s income. This is turn can lead to retaliatory hunting of chimpanzees by villagers (Fourrier 1999, Carter 2004, 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Swamps are partly used for rice cultivation (BirdLife International 2019). At the end of 1980s large-scale logging took place (BirdLife International 2019).  

The main threat to chimpanzees is habitat destruction and fragmentation as a result of the expansion of agricultural areas (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). An additional threat to habitat include uncontrolled fires that are used to prepare agricultural zones for crop planting or grazing (Fourrier 1999, PEGG 2012).  Two villages are located within Nialama CF with a total population of several hundred inhabitants, and additional villages are located at the border of Nialama CF (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). The expansion of agricultural areas also resulted in an increase in frequency of negative chimpanzee-human interactions, for example crop raiding killing of young livestock by chimpanzees, conflict over water sources and wild fruits and honey. Especially the first one can lead to the reduction in villager’s income. This is turn can lead to retaliatory hunting of chimpanzees by villagers (Fourrier 1999, Carter 2004, 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Swamps are partly used for rice cultivation (BirdLife International 2019). At the end of 1980s large-scale logging took place (BirdLife International 2019).  

 

'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Nialama Classified Forest'''

'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Nialama Classified Forest'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

|-

|-

|1. Residential & commercial development

|1. Residential & commercial development

|1.1. Housing & urban areas

|1.1 Housing & urban areas

|Medium

|Medium

|2 villages (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)

|2 villages (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)

|-

|-

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops

|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops

|High

|High

|

|

|-

|-

|

|

|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching

|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching

|Medium

|Medium

|

|

|-

|-

|4. Transportation & service corridors

|4. Transportation & service corridors

|4.1. Roads & railroads

|4.1 Roads & railroads

|Present

|Present

|

|

|-

|-

|5. Biological resource use

|5. Biological resource use

|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals

|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals

|Low

|Low

|

|

|-

|-

|

|

|5.2. Gathering terrestrial plants

|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants

|Present

|Present

|

|

|-

|-

|

|

|5.3. Logging & wood harvesting

|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting

|Medium

|Medium

|

|

|-

|-

|7. Natural system modifications

|7. Natural system modifications

|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression

|7.1 Fire & fire suppression

|Medium

|Medium

|

|

Noteworthy is also people’s traditional believes forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees, resulting in some level of protection to chimpanzees, but is not followed by all community members (Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).

Noteworthy is also people’s traditional believes forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees, resulting in some level of protection to chimpanzees, but is not followed by all community members (Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Nialama Classified Forest'''

 

'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Nialama Classified Forest'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

Lack of transportation for members of the village committee and the National Directorate of Water and Forests was mentioned as an impediment to implementing the management plan (PEGG 2012). Members that were newly elected to the village committee after the conservation project stopped did not receive training and lack capacity to fulfil their tasks (PEGG 2012).  

Lack of transportation for members of the village committee and the National Directorate of Water and Forests was mentioned as an impediment to implementing the management plan (PEGG 2012). Members that were newly elected to the village committee after the conservation project stopped did not receive training and lack capacity to fulfil their tasks (PEGG 2012).  

 

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''

'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

|-

|-

As detailed above surveys and long-term monitoring of chimpanzees has been implemented (Ham 1998, Fourrier 1999, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). A study on amphibian diversity has also been done (Hillers at al. 2008).  

As detailed above surveys and long-term monitoring of chimpanzees has been implemented (Ham 1998, Fourrier 1999, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). A study on amphibian diversity has also been done (Hillers at al. 2008).  

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

 

'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''

'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Nialama Classified Forest'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

|}

|}

= References =

= References =

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/317286  www.protectedplanet.net]<br>

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN. 2019. Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN Online: [https://www.protectedplanet.net/317286  www.protectedplanet.net]<br>

'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team & Marc Fourrier '''Date:''' 26/11/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team & Marc Fourrier '''Date:''' 26/11/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

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