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[[West Africa]] > [[Côte d'Ivoire]] > [[Comoé National Park]]

[[West Africa]] > [[Côte d’Ivoire]] > [[Comoé National Park]]

 

[[File: Map_CIV_ComoeNP.png | 400px | thumb| right | Comoé National Park (Côte d’Ivoire) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

 

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Comoé National Park.  

* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Comoé National Park.  

* It has been estimated that a minimum of 135 weaned individuals occur in the site.  

* It has been estimated that a minimum of 135 weaned individuals occur in the site.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

Comoé NP was listed as “World Heritage in Danger” from 2003 until 2017, because of the political and military crisis in Côte d’Ivoire from 2002 to 2011, which resulted in the absence of an effective management of the park. Poaching and bushfires were widespread, as was overgrazing by cattle herds and illegal gold mining (UNESC 2019). Since 2012, the situation stabilized, authorities regained access to the entire park, and enforced management of the park. In 2017, an IUCN mission obtained confirmation from a CCCP report that chimpanzee and elephant populations were present. As a consequence, Comoé was taken off the list of endangered world heritage sites (IUCN 2017).   

Comoé NP was listed as “World Heritage in Danger” from 2003 until 2017, because of the political and military crisis in Côte d’Ivoire from 2002 to 2011, which resulted in the absence of an effective management of the park. Poaching and bushfires were widespread, as was overgrazing by cattle herds and illegal gold mining (UNESC 2019). Since 2012, the situation stabilized, authorities regained access to the entire park, and enforced management of the park. In 2017, an IUCN mission obtained confirmation from a CCCP report that chimpanzee and elephant populations were present. As a consequence, Comoé was taken off the list of endangered world heritage sites (IUCN 2017).   

 

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Comoé National Park'''

'''Table 1: Basic site information for Comoé National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|-

|-

|Coordinates

|Coordinates

|9.10 N, 3.72 W

|9.10, -3.72

|-

|-

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry forest, permanent rivers

|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry forest, permanent rivers

|}

|}

[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Marchesi et al. (1995) estimated chimpanzees in this park to number 470 individuals, which would represent the largest population of chimpanzees in the Soudanian Belt in Côte d’Ivoire. However, this was based on a survey effort of only 30 km. Fischer et al. (2002) confirmed the presence of chimpanzees in the area. In the following years, surveys found few or no signs of chimpanzees. A detailed survey of the area was implemented by the Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project (CCCP) in 2014-2015 and confirmed the permanent presence of several chimpanzee communities, notably also east of the river Comoé (Lapuente et al. 2017). From 2015 to 2017, CCCP collaborated with the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee ([http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/ PanAf]) to study many aspects of the ecology of the chimpanzees.

Marchesi et al. (1995) estimated chimpanzees in this park to number 470 individuals, which would represent the largest population of chimpanzees in the Soudanian Belt in Côte d’Ivoire. However, this was based on a survey effort of only 30 km. Fischer et al. (2002) confirmed the presence of chimpanzees in the area. In the following years, surveys found few or no signs of chimpanzees. A detailed survey of the area was implemented by the Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project (CCCP) in 2014-2015 and confirmed the permanent presence of several chimpanzee communities, notably also east of the river Comoé (Lapuente et al. 2017). From 2015 to 2017, CCCP collaborated with the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee ([http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/ PanAf]) to study many aspects of the ecology of the chimpanzees.

 

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Comoé National Park'''

'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Comoé National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

! Species

! Species

! Year

! Year

! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate (per km²)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

! Area

Human population has grown significantly around the park in the past decades and communities that live close to the park rely on the park for agriculture, fishing, cattle grazing and hunting of wildlife (BirdLife International 2019). During political instability from 2001 to 2010 it was too dangerous for local authorities to enter the park and law enforcement was virtually absent (UNESCO 2019). As a result poaching was widespread, likely taking a heavy toll on animal populations and in 2003 Comoé was listed as a “World Heritage in Danger” (UNESCO 2005, UNESCO 2019). It was taken off the list in 2017 since the situation has improved markedly and law enforcement had been reestablished (IUCN 2017). In a 2014 survey, agricultural activities were recorded in the western part of the park (WCF 2014), but in 2017 the limits of the park were changed, so that the few remaining fields were then outside the park (Lapuente et al. in review).  

Human population has grown significantly around the park in the past decades and communities that live close to the park rely on the park for agriculture, fishing, cattle grazing and hunting of wildlife (BirdLife International 2019). During political instability from 2001 to 2010 it was too dangerous for local authorities to enter the park and law enforcement was virtually absent (UNESCO 2019). As a result poaching was widespread, likely taking a heavy toll on animal populations and in 2003 Comoé was listed as a “World Heritage in Danger” (UNESCO 2005, UNESCO 2019). It was taken off the list in 2017 since the situation has improved markedly and law enforcement had been reestablished (IUCN 2017). In a 2014 survey, agricultural activities were recorded in the western part of the park (WCF 2014), but in 2017 the limits of the park were changed, so that the few remaining fields were then outside the park (Lapuente et al. in review).  

 

'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Comoé National Park'''

'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Comoé National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

|-

|-

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching

|2.3. Livestock farming & ranching

|Present

|Present

|

|

|-

|-

|3. Energy production & mining

|3. Energy production & mining

|3.2. Mining & Quarrying

|3.2 Mining & quarrying

|Present

|Present

|

|

|-

|-

|5. Biological resource use

|5. Biological resource use

|5.1. Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals

|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals

|High

|High

|

|

|-

|-

|

|

|5.4. Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources

|5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources

|Present

|Present

|

|

|-

|-

|6. Human intrusions & disturbance

|6. Human intrusions & disturbance

|6.2. War, civil unrest & military exercises

|6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises

|Low

|Low

|

|

|-

|-

|7. Natural system modifications

|7. Natural system modifications

|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression

|7.1 Fire & fire suppression

|Present

|Present

|

|

Comoé NP is one of the largest protected areas in West Africa and is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR). In 1989/1990 Prof. Linsenmair from the University Würzburg in Germany, founded the [https://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/comoe-research-station Comoé National Park Research Station]. The construction of a permanent research station started in 2000. During the political crisis the park could not be accessed regularly by government authorities or researchers. Since the political situation stabilized in 2010, OIPR resumed its activities. This resulted in a decline in illegal activities and an increase in wildlife populations (WCF 2014). Comoé National Park Research Station has also resumed its activities since.  In 2014, Juan Lapuente, in collaboration with Prof. Linsenmair and OIPR, started the Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project ([https://www.facebook.com/comoechimpanzeecp  CCCP]). This ongoing project involves local and foreign students, and assistants, that study chimpanzees of CNP and work for their conservation. Their work focusses on a 900 km2 area in the south-west of the park. Currently, OIPR is conducting a study on the fire regime (OIPR 2019).  

Comoé NP is one of the largest protected areas in West Africa and is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR). In 1989/1990 Prof. Linsenmair from the University Würzburg in Germany, founded the [https://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/comoe-research-station Comoé National Park Research Station]. The construction of a permanent research station started in 2000. During the political crisis the park could not be accessed regularly by government authorities or researchers. Since the political situation stabilized in 2010, OIPR resumed its activities. This resulted in a decline in illegal activities and an increase in wildlife populations (WCF 2014). Comoé National Park Research Station has also resumed its activities since.  In 2014, Juan Lapuente, in collaboration with Prof. Linsenmair and OIPR, started the Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project ([https://www.facebook.com/comoechimpanzeecp  CCCP]). This ongoing project involves local and foreign students, and assistants, that study chimpanzees of CNP and work for their conservation. Their work focusses on a 900 km2 area in the south-west of the park. Currently, OIPR is conducting a study on the fire regime (OIPR 2019).  

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Comoé National Park'''

'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Comoé National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

 

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Comoé National Park'''

'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Comoé National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

|-

|-

The [https://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/comoe-research-station Comoé National Park Research Station] conducts a diversity of research projects on ecophysiology, behavioral, chemical and evolutionary ecology. In 2014 a research project, the Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project ([https://www.facebook.com/comoechimpanzeecp  CCCP]), was established at the site focusing on chimpanzee behavior, tool use and ecology (Lapuente et al. 2017, 2019).

The [https://www.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/comoe-research-station Comoé National Park Research Station] conducts a diversity of research projects on ecophysiology, behavioral, chemical and evolutionary ecology. In 2014 a research project, the Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project ([https://www.facebook.com/comoechimpanzeecp  CCCP]), was established at the site focusing on chimpanzee behavior, tool use and ecology (Lapuente et al. 2017, 2019).

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

 

'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Comoé National Park'''

'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Comoé National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

= References =

= References =

'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 29/10/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 29/10/2019  <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

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