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Dulombi National Park (view source)
Revision as of 09:31, 14 February 2023
, 09:31, 14 February 2023Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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[[West Africa]] > [[Guinea-Bissau]] > [[Dulombi National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|11.686065, -14.443590~[[Dulombi National Park]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Dulombi National Park.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 160 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are destruction and fragmentation of their habitats by shifting agriculture and the plantation of cashew trees.
* The main conservation activities are awareness raising, support for community development with the support of the GEF project.
* The site is part of the Dulombi-Boé-Tchetche (DBT) Complex.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Dulombi National Park is located in southern Guinea-Bissau, bordering Guinea to the south. The park is part of a larger complex of protected areas, the Dulombi-Boé-Tchetche (DBT) Complex, formed by Dulombi National Park, Boé National Park, Tchetche wildlife corridor, Cuntabane-Quebo wildlife corridor and Salifo wildlife corridor. The park was established in 2017. The area is characterized by its great diversity of ecosystems, which are typical habitats of this transition zone between the Sudano-Sahelian and Guineo-Congolese regions. The Dulombi area is the area of greatest biodiversity in Guinea-Bissau due to the convergence of savannah and forest species, some endemic plants, with 164 species of birds, 10 species of primates, 13 carnivores and 17 ungulates, including many rare and endangered species, especially primates, such as the chimpanzee, ''Cercopithecus mona campbelli'', ''Papio papio'' and ''Erythrocebus patas''. The park contains some species characteristic of the savannah and the subtropical climate, such as aquatic species and some migratory species that use the various waterways. This area is also recognized as an International Bird Area (BirdLife International 2023).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|160 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|11.686065, -14.443590
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical dry forest, savanna
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Based on observations and data collected between 2011 and 2016 in the territories of Dijifilm and Paramanguel, which are part of Dulombi National Park, the average group size is about 7, but groups up to 19 animals have been observed. It is possible that at least 25 to 30 chimpanzees are present in the territories of Djifim and Paramanguel (Wit, P. & Goedmakers, A. 2022).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2011-2016
|25-30
|
|
|Territories of Djifilm and Paramanguel, approx. 80 sq. km
|Other
|Wit, P. & Goedmakers, A. 2022
|Based on patrols by community members.
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Although it is a protected area, the park model adopted by Guinea-Bissau contains human populations within it. This has the effect of increasing the pressure on wildlife. The chimpanzee is not hunted for meat consumption, however it faces several threats, including the destruction and fragmentation of its habitats by shifting agriculture and the plantation of cashew trees. Other threats are lower, but with negative impacts on the conservation of chimpanzee species, such as the installation of new villages, the use of biological resources, in particular fruit trees and timber, and other potential activities such as mining. But the population of chimpanzees in Dulombi has not been extensively studied, so there has not been an effective assessment or estimation of the level of impacts.
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1.Housing and urban areas
|Moderate
|
|Construction of new villages.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual and perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|Annual loss of natural habitats. Augmenting agricultural fields (Shifting cultivation) at the level of conservation areas and after collection cashew plantation.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2. Mines and quarries
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.2.Collection of terrestrial plants
|Moderate
|
|Generally not hunted for meat consumption.
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|
|5.3. Logging and timber harvesting
|Moderate
|
|Timber harvesting.
|2012
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1.Fires and extinguishing fires
|Threat is present, but severity is unknown
|
|Uncontrolled fires for agriculture or transhumance.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
The Institute of Biodiversity and Protected Areas is the main structure in charge of the management of the park and the conservation of biodiversity. With the model of protected areas adopted with the communities inside, zoning is established, and 3 priority zones (integral conservation zone, buffer zone and development zone) have been defined for the use of space and resources are established in each area. This park was officially created in 2017, by Decree-Law, after years of negotiation with local communities. Since its creation, the park has been the subject of many management, conservation, awareness-raising and community development support actions with the support of the GEF project (2011-2017), GCCA+ (2014-2022).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Participatory patrol actions with the involvement of local communities, protected area staff and security agents since 2017.
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|5.8. Inspect bushmeat markets for illegal primate species
|DNA identification of primate bushmeat from urban markets in Guinea Bissau and its implications for conservation.
|2013
|-
|
|5.11. Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols
|Regular training action for anti-poaching patrols.
|2018, 2019
|-
|
|5.17. Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
|Development of sustainable local initiatives (beekeeping, extraction of red oil, horticulture, improved stoves). GEF Project - EU/GCCA+.
|Ongoing (2012)
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable resource use
|Session of Education, Communication and Environmental Awareness. With specialized NGOs.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|10.2. Involve local communities in primate research and conservation management
|The guards and collaborators of the local community take part in all the processes of conservation whose actions of research are set up.Chimpanzee monitoring project (2015/2016); Project genetic study of chimpanzees; Project eDNA (2021).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
|Advertisements and radio programs on PA regulations (biodiversity protection) are regularly broadcast on existing community radio stations in the regions.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media and discussions
|Cinema-debate campaigns in villages of the park and in schools on the conservation of biodiversity, including primates. Awareness sessions for village communities on the OMVG interconnection lines and the dangers for primates.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.1. Create buffer zones around protected primate habitat
|Establishment and control of buffer zones in protected areas. Decree-law creating the protected area.
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|Creation of the protected area and the framework of protected areas that includes important habitats for primates.
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|11.4. Create/protect habitat corridors
|Creation of the Cuntabani Corridor to enable ecological connectivity
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|11.9. Plant indigenous fast-growing trees (will not necessarily resemble original community) in clear-cut areas
|Restocking of trees of interest to chimpanzees in parks and corridors.
|2018, 2019
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13.5. Permanent presence of staff/manager
|Training of park managers and staff with the start of projects or with the establishment of research activities.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
The park has a Management Plan (2021) and a management structure, but the volatility and lack of sustainable funding hampers the implementation of conservation actions. There is also a lack of staff capacity on chimpanzee monitoring methods and capacity to cover the entire surface area of the protected area. Shifting cultivation followed by the planting of cashews is one of the greatest challenges facing this park. We need to invest even more in sustainable alternative activities.
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Civil unrest/political instability
|Barros, Mandeck & Quecuta pers. comm. 2022
|-
|Conflicts over land tenure
|Barros, Mandeck & Quecuta pers. comm. 2022
|-
|Corruption
|P.erinaceus woodcut (CITES 2014)
|-
|Lack of capacity/training
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of financial means
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of human resources
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of logistical means
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of technical means (including lack of infrastructure, transport, miscellaneous equipment)
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Funding volatility
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
Few research actions have been carried out in this recently created park. Camera-traps were installed (Bersacola, 2016) and also genetic studies (Silva Ferreira, 2016). Chimpanzee monitoring indicators have also been identified (IBAP, 2015) and complementary surveys of chimpanzee populations in the Cuntabane corridor (Biotope, 2020). In summary, little research has been conducted on this site.
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Dulombi. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14/02/2023. <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''Aissa Regalla de Barros, João Mandeck, Queba Quecuta, Piet Wit & Annemarie Goedmakers''' Date:''' 13/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[Guinea-Bissau]] > [[Dulombi National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|11.686065, -14.443590~[[Dulombi National Park]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Dulombi National Park.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 160 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are destruction and fragmentation of their habitats by shifting agriculture and the plantation of cashew trees.
* The main conservation activities are awareness raising, support for community development with the support of the GEF project.
* The site is part of the Dulombi-Boé-Tchetche (DBT) Complex.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Dulombi National Park is located in southern Guinea-Bissau, bordering Guinea to the south. The park is part of a larger complex of protected areas, the Dulombi-Boé-Tchetche (DBT) Complex, formed by Dulombi National Park, Boé National Park, Tchetche wildlife corridor, Cuntabane-Quebo wildlife corridor and Salifo wildlife corridor. The park was established in 2017. The area is characterized by its great diversity of ecosystems, which are typical habitats of this transition zone between the Sudano-Sahelian and Guineo-Congolese regions. The Dulombi area is the area of greatest biodiversity in Guinea-Bissau due to the convergence of savannah and forest species, some endemic plants, with 164 species of birds, 10 species of primates, 13 carnivores and 17 ungulates, including many rare and endangered species, especially primates, such as the chimpanzee, ''Cercopithecus mona campbelli'', ''Papio papio'' and ''Erythrocebus patas''. The park contains some species characteristic of the savannah and the subtropical climate, such as aquatic species and some migratory species that use the various waterways. This area is also recognized as an International Bird Area (BirdLife International 2023).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|160 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|11.686065, -14.443590
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical dry forest, savanna
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Based on observations and data collected between 2011 and 2016 in the territories of Dijifilm and Paramanguel, which are part of Dulombi National Park, the average group size is about 7, but groups up to 19 animals have been observed. It is possible that at least 25 to 30 chimpanzees are present in the territories of Djifim and Paramanguel (Wit, P. & Goedmakers, A. 2022).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2011-2016
|25-30
|
|
|Territories of Djifilm and Paramanguel, approx. 80 sq. km
|Other
|Wit, P. & Goedmakers, A. 2022
|Based on patrols by community members.
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Although it is a protected area, the park model adopted by Guinea-Bissau contains human populations within it. This has the effect of increasing the pressure on wildlife. The chimpanzee is not hunted for meat consumption, however it faces several threats, including the destruction and fragmentation of its habitats by shifting agriculture and the plantation of cashew trees. Other threats are lower, but with negative impacts on the conservation of chimpanzee species, such as the installation of new villages, the use of biological resources, in particular fruit trees and timber, and other potential activities such as mining. But the population of chimpanzees in Dulombi has not been extensively studied, so there has not been an effective assessment or estimation of the level of impacts.
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1.Housing and urban areas
|Moderate
|
|Construction of new villages.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual and perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|Annual loss of natural habitats. Augmenting agricultural fields (Shifting cultivation) at the level of conservation areas and after collection cashew plantation.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2. Mines and quarries
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.2.Collection of terrestrial plants
|Moderate
|
|Generally not hunted for meat consumption.
|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|
|5.3. Logging and timber harvesting
|Moderate
|
|Timber harvesting.
|2012
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1.Fires and extinguishing fires
|Threat is present, but severity is unknown
|
|Uncontrolled fires for agriculture or transhumance.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
The Institute of Biodiversity and Protected Areas is the main structure in charge of the management of the park and the conservation of biodiversity. With the model of protected areas adopted with the communities inside, zoning is established, and 3 priority zones (integral conservation zone, buffer zone and development zone) have been defined for the use of space and resources are established in each area. This park was officially created in 2017, by Decree-Law, after years of negotiation with local communities. Since its creation, the park has been the subject of many management, conservation, awareness-raising and community development support actions with the support of the GEF project (2011-2017), GCCA+ (2014-2022).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Participatory patrol actions with the involvement of local communities, protected area staff and security agents since 2017.
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|5.8. Inspect bushmeat markets for illegal primate species
|DNA identification of primate bushmeat from urban markets in Guinea Bissau and its implications for conservation.
|2013
|-
|
|5.11. Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols
|Regular training action for anti-poaching patrols.
|2018, 2019
|-
|
|5.17. Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms
|Development of sustainable local initiatives (beekeeping, extraction of red oil, horticulture, improved stoves). GEF Project - EU/GCCA+.
|Ongoing (2012)
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable resource use
|Session of Education, Communication and Environmental Awareness. With specialized NGOs.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|10.2. Involve local communities in primate research and conservation management
|The guards and collaborators of the local community take part in all the processes of conservation whose actions of research are set up.Chimpanzee monitoring project (2015/2016); Project genetic study of chimpanzees; Project eDNA (2021).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
|Advertisements and radio programs on PA regulations (biodiversity protection) are regularly broadcast on existing community radio stations in the regions.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media and discussions
|Cinema-debate campaigns in villages of the park and in schools on the conservation of biodiversity, including primates. Awareness sessions for village communities on the OMVG interconnection lines and the dangers for primates.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.1. Create buffer zones around protected primate habitat
|Establishment and control of buffer zones in protected areas. Decree-law creating the protected area.
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|Creation of the protected area and the framework of protected areas that includes important habitats for primates.
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|11.4. Create/protect habitat corridors
|Creation of the Cuntabani Corridor to enable ecological connectivity
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|11.9. Plant indigenous fast-growing trees (will not necessarily resemble original community) in clear-cut areas
|Restocking of trees of interest to chimpanzees in parks and corridors.
|2018, 2019
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13.5. Permanent presence of staff/manager
|Training of park managers and staff with the start of projects or with the establishment of research activities.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
The park has a Management Plan (2021) and a management structure, but the volatility and lack of sustainable funding hampers the implementation of conservation actions. There is also a lack of staff capacity on chimpanzee monitoring methods and capacity to cover the entire surface area of the protected area. Shifting cultivation followed by the planting of cashews is one of the greatest challenges facing this park. We need to invest even more in sustainable alternative activities.
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Civil unrest/political instability
|Barros, Mandeck & Quecuta pers. comm. 2022
|-
|Conflicts over land tenure
|Barros, Mandeck & Quecuta pers. comm. 2022
|-
|Corruption
|P.erinaceus woodcut (CITES 2014)
|-
|Lack of capacity/training
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of financial means
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of human resources
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of logistical means
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Lack of technical means (including lack of infrastructure, transport, miscellaneous equipment)
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|Funding volatility
|IBAP annual reports
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
Few research actions have been carried out in this recently created park. Camera-traps were installed (Bersacola, 2016) and also genetic studies (Silva Ferreira, 2016). Chimpanzee monitoring indicators have also been identified (IBAP, 2015) and complementary surveys of chimpanzee populations in the Cuntabane corridor (Biotope, 2020). In summary, little research has been conducted on this site.
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Dulombi National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
BirdLife International (2023) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Dulombi. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 14/02/2023. <br>
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'''Page completed by: '''Aissa Regalla de Barros, João Mandeck, Queba Quecuta, Piet Wit & Annemarie Goedmakers''' Date:''' 13/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->