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Kimbi Fungom National Park (view source)
Revision as of 07:00, 27 February 2023
, 07:00, 27 February 2023Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Kimbi Fungom National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=220px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|6.782047, 10.111895 ~[[Kimbi Fungom National Park]]~Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') are present in Kimbi Fungom National Park.
* The population size is unknown.
* The population trend is decreasing.
* The site has a total size of 953.8 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, logging and habitat fragmentation and degradation due to agriculture.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Kimbi-Fungom National Park was created in 2015. It is located in northwestern Cameroon, bordering Nigeria to the North. With the establishment of the park, two reserves were merged; the Fungom Forest Reserve, established in 1936, and the Kimbi Game Reserve,established in 1964. The main rivers flowing through the site are the rivers Ivin, Menchum, and Kimbi (Chuo & Tsi 2017). Six primate species have been found to inhabit the site: Olive baboons (''Papio anubis''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), vervet monkeys (''Chlorocebus pygerythrus''), white nosed monkey (''Cercopithecus nictitans'') and Mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) and the Nigeria- Cameroon chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') (Atembeh 2020). The park is also home to giant ground pangolins (''Smutsia gigantea''), white-bellied tree pangolins (''Phataginus tricuspis'') and black-bellied tree pangolins (''Phataginus tetradactyla'') (Angwafo et al. 2019).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|953.8 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|6.782047, 10.111895
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, savanna, grassland, subtropical/tropical swamp forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
|2015- 2016
|
|
|1.09
|Kimbi Fungom National Park
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Chuo et al. 2017b
|Survey effort 44 km. No direct observation of chimpanzees, only indirect
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
|2017
|
|
|0.06
|Kimbi Fungom National Park
|Line transects (Distance)
|Zeh, Fuashi & Maurice 2019
|Survey effort 274 km
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Hunting is the main threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the park. A survey of 22 villages in close proximity to the park (288 interviews in total) revealed that most of the respondents, 94%, 72% and 98%, reported that chimpanzee’s body parts/meats are used for medicinal value, rituals and as food in special occasion respectively (Chuo & Tsi 2017). Furthermore, the impacts of agriculture also represent a threat to wildlife; farmland and fallow land increased from 9467.87ha (9.75%) in 1987 to 15096ha (15.8%) in 2017 (Zeh, Fuashi & Maurice 2019).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|Farmland and fallow land increased from 9467.87ha (9.75%) in 1987 to 15096ha (15.8%) in 2017
|Habitat fragmentation and degradation due to expansion of land for agriculture (Zeh, Fuashi & Maurice 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High
|
|Chimpanzees are hunted for bushmeat consumption, rituals and medicinal purposes, and for the illegal pet trade (Chuo & Tsi 2017).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|High
|
|Exploitation of forest and non-timber products (Chuo et al. 2017b).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Timber harvesting (Chuo et al. 2017b).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
Angwafo, T. E., Kaimo, N. K., Chuo, M. D., & Berinyuy, W. H. (2019). Abundance and distribution of pangolins (Manis spp.) in the kimbi-fungom national park, North West Region, Cameroon. J Entomol Zool Stud, 7(6), 71-78. <br>
Atembeh, L. (2020). Primates of the Kimbi-Fungom National Park Threatened! Retrieved February 24, 2023 from Green Vision. https://www.greenvision.news/primates-of-the-kimbi-fungom-national-park-threatened/
Chuo, M. D., & Tsi, E. A. (2017a). Chimpanzee in ethno-primatological practices and it implications for biodiversity conservation: Kimbi-fungom national park and kom-wum forest reserve, Cameroon. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 5(5), 157-172. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20170505.14 <br>
Chuo, M. D., Angwafo, T. E., Chefor, F., & Fru, B. S. (2017b). Estimation of chimpanzee’s (Pan troglodytes ellioti) abundance in the Kimbi-Fungum National Park and Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, Nw, Cameroon. Journal of Biodiversity Management and Forestry, 6(3), 20-30. DOI: 10.4172/2327-4417.1000185 <br>
Zeh, A. F., Fuashi, N. A., & Maurice, M. E. (2019). Impact of Land Use Changes on Wildlife Population in The Kimbi-Fungom National Park, North West Region, Cameroon. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., 9(1), 498-525. 24 0.09 Pongidae Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes ellioti 16 0.06 Cercopithecid<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 24/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Kimbi Fungom National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=220px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|6.782047, 10.111895 ~[[Kimbi Fungom National Park]]~Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') are present in Kimbi Fungom National Park.
* The population size is unknown.
* The population trend is decreasing.
* The site has a total size of 953.8 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, logging and habitat fragmentation and degradation due to agriculture.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Kimbi-Fungom National Park was created in 2015. It is located in northwestern Cameroon, bordering Nigeria to the North. With the establishment of the park, two reserves were merged; the Fungom Forest Reserve, established in 1936, and the Kimbi Game Reserve,established in 1964. The main rivers flowing through the site are the rivers Ivin, Menchum, and Kimbi (Chuo & Tsi 2017). Six primate species have been found to inhabit the site: Olive baboons (''Papio anubis''), patas monkey (''Erythrocebus patas''), vervet monkeys (''Chlorocebus pygerythrus''), white nosed monkey (''Cercopithecus nictitans'') and Mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) and the Nigeria- Cameroon chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') (Atembeh 2020). The park is also home to giant ground pangolins (''Smutsia gigantea''), white-bellied tree pangolins (''Phataginus tricuspis'') and black-bellied tree pangolins (''Phataginus tetradactyla'') (Angwafo et al. 2019).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|953.8 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|6.782047, 10.111895
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, savanna, grassland, subtropical/tropical swamp forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
|2015- 2016
|
|
|1.09
|Kimbi Fungom National Park
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Chuo et al. 2017b
|Survey effort 44 km. No direct observation of chimpanzees, only indirect
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
|2017
|
|
|0.06
|Kimbi Fungom National Park
|Line transects (Distance)
|Zeh, Fuashi & Maurice 2019
|Survey effort 274 km
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Hunting is the main threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the park. A survey of 22 villages in close proximity to the park (288 interviews in total) revealed that most of the respondents, 94%, 72% and 98%, reported that chimpanzee’s body parts/meats are used for medicinal value, rituals and as food in special occasion respectively (Chuo & Tsi 2017). Furthermore, the impacts of agriculture also represent a threat to wildlife; farmland and fallow land increased from 9467.87ha (9.75%) in 1987 to 15096ha (15.8%) in 2017 (Zeh, Fuashi & Maurice 2019).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|Farmland and fallow land increased from 9467.87ha (9.75%) in 1987 to 15096ha (15.8%) in 2017
|Habitat fragmentation and degradation due to expansion of land for agriculture (Zeh, Fuashi & Maurice 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High
|
|Chimpanzees are hunted for bushmeat consumption, rituals and medicinal purposes, and for the illegal pet trade (Chuo & Tsi 2017).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|High
|
|Exploitation of forest and non-timber products (Chuo et al. 2017b).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Timber harvesting (Chuo et al. 2017b).
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Kimbi Fungom National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
Angwafo, T. E., Kaimo, N. K., Chuo, M. D., & Berinyuy, W. H. (2019). Abundance and distribution of pangolins (Manis spp.) in the kimbi-fungom national park, North West Region, Cameroon. J Entomol Zool Stud, 7(6), 71-78. <br>
Atembeh, L. (2020). Primates of the Kimbi-Fungom National Park Threatened! Retrieved February 24, 2023 from Green Vision. https://www.greenvision.news/primates-of-the-kimbi-fungom-national-park-threatened/
Chuo, M. D., & Tsi, E. A. (2017a). Chimpanzee in ethno-primatological practices and it implications for biodiversity conservation: Kimbi-fungom national park and kom-wum forest reserve, Cameroon. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 5(5), 157-172. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20170505.14 <br>
Chuo, M. D., Angwafo, T. E., Chefor, F., & Fru, B. S. (2017b). Estimation of chimpanzee’s (Pan troglodytes ellioti) abundance in the Kimbi-Fungum National Park and Kom-Wum Forest Reserve, Nw, Cameroon. Journal of Biodiversity Management and Forestry, 6(3), 20-30. DOI: 10.4172/2327-4417.1000185 <br>
Zeh, A. F., Fuashi, N. A., & Maurice, M. E. (2019). Impact of Land Use Changes on Wildlife Population in The Kimbi-Fungom National Park, North West Region, Cameroon. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., 9(1), 498-525. 24 0.09 Pongidae Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes ellioti 16 0.06 Cercopithecid<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 24/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->