Bu Gia Map National Park

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Summary

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• Southern yellow-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus gabriellae) are present in Bu Gia Map National Park.
• It has been estimated that 124 (95% CI: 122-132) groups occur in the site.
• The gibbon population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 260 km².
• Key threats to gibbons include logging, agricultural encroachment, hunting, and illegal pet trade.
• Conservation activities have focused on environmental education, species threat assessments, and training of park staff in survey methods.

Site characteristics

Bu Gia Map National Park is located in southern Vietnam. Together with Cat Tien National Park, the parks hold the largest population of southern yellow-cheeked gibbons in the country (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bu Gia Map National Park

Area	260 km²
Coordinates	12.141419, 107.185768
Designation	National Park
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

At Bu Gia Map National Park, gibbon populations are partly contiguous with those in other Vietnamese sites as well as Seima Protected Forest in Cambodia (Rawson et al. 2011). Cat Tien and Bu Gia Map National Parks are key sites for the conservation of N. gabriellae in Vietnam; Bu Gia Map National Park supports one of the largest known populations (Rawson et al. 2011). In 2010, a population census over an area of 16,500 ha using 36 listening posts estimated 0.54 groups/km2 (95% CI: 0.51-0.58) (Rawson et al. 2011). Based on a total suitable habitat of 22,800 ha, the total number of groups inside the national park is estimated to be 124 (95% CI: 122-132). In 2007, at least 200 individuals were estimated to occur in the park (Luu Hong Truong et al. 2007).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bu Gia Map National Park

Species	Year	Total number indiv. (95% CI)	Total number groups (95% CI)	Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Nomascus gabriellae	2010			0.54 (0.51-0.58)	16,500 ha	Fixed-point triangulation	Rawson et al. 2011

Threats

Gibbons are commonly held as pets in hotels and private zoos in southern Vietnam; most of these individuals are likely sourced from the wild. In 2010, hunting with guns was frequently observed in the commune and nearby Bu Gia Map National Park. Additionally, agricultural encroachment, illegal logging, exploitation of non-timber forest products and infrastructure development are key threats to biodiversity in this park (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Bu Gia Map National Park

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High		Agricultural encroachment (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
3. Energy production & mining		Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors	4.1 Roads & railroads	High		The construction of a road in Quang Truc Commune has probably increased hunting access to the park and has also partly isolated the populations in the park and in Quang Truc Commune from populations in Cambodia (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
5. Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High		Hunting with guns (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
	5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants	High		Exploitation of non-timber forest products (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High		Illegal logging (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications		Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options	12.1 Other threat	High		Capture of gibbons for illegal pet trade. Gibbons are caught by shooting mothers who fall clutching their infants. If they survive the fall, the infants are taken (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Species threat assessments, environmental education activities and training of park staff in gibbon survey techniques is implemented at the park (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 4. Conservation activities in Bu Gia Map National Park

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	11.2. Legally protect primate habitat	The site is a National Park.	Ongoing (2022)
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bu Gia Map National Park

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bu Gia Map National Park

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam
Luu Hong Truong, Hoang Minh Duc, Nguyen Tran Vy, Ly Ngoc Sam, Dang Van Son, Nguyen Ngoc Sang, and Nguyen Quoc Dat. (2007). [Biodiversity assessment of Bu Gia Map National Park]. Center for Biodiversity and Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In Vietnamese.

Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 11/04/2022