Xuan Nha Nature Reserve

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Summary

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• Northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) are present in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve.
• Gibbons may be absent in the reserve, or occurring at very low densities.
• The site has a total size of 163.17 km².
• Key threats to gibbons are hunting and shifting agriculture leading to habitat loss.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Table 1. Basic site information for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Area	163.17 km²
Coordinates	20.691537, 104.705431
Designation	Nature Reserve
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

No signs of gibbons were recorded during a ten day survey in 2011, but there were reports of gibbons in the buffer zone (Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2011), which may be the gibbons in Long Luong Commune (Rawson et al. 2011). During mammal surveys conducted between 2006 and 2010, gibbons were not detected either, but interviews with local residents suggest that some gibbons persist within and outside the reserve (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Species	Year	Total number indiv. (95% CI)	Total number groups (95% CI)	Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Nomascus leucogenys	2011			0	Xuan Nha Nature Reserve	Unknown	Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2011	No records of gibbons

Threats

Table 3. Threats to apes in Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High		Forest clearance due to shifting agriculture (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
3. Energy production & mining		Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
5. Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High		Local communities commonly hunt with dogs and guns for subsistence and for the wildlife trade (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications	7.2 Dams & water management/use	High		The construction of a nearby hydropower dam, the Trung Son Hydropower Project was predicted to result in further forest clearance for agriculture and illegal logging, increased wildlife hunting, increased incidence of forest fires and greater access to the reserve via the reservoir and new construction roads (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	Not reported
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Muong Nhe Nature Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Nguyen Manh Ha, Do Tuoc, and L. V. Dung (2011). A survey of white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) and large mammals (Mammalia) in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve and Sop Cop Nature Reserve, Son La Province. Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CRES), Hanoi, Vietnam (in Vietnamese).
Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 02/05/2022