Huong Son Forest

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Summary

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• Northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) are present in Huong Son Forest.
• It has been estimated that a minimum of 3 groups occur in the site.
• The gibbon population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 300 km².
• Key threats to gibbons are hunting and logging.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

The site is located in north-central Vietnam, in the province of Ha Tinh. Part of the site is managed by the Huong Son State Forest Company, and the other part is designated as the ‘Ngan Pho River Protection Forest’ (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 1. Basic site information for Huong Son Forest

Area	300 km²
Coordinates	18.522052, 105.244000
Designation	Timber concession and protection forest
Habitat types	Plantations, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A 2011 survey confirmed at least three gibbon groups in Son Kim 2 Commune and one group in Song Hon Commune, and according to interviews, a few groups are found in the border area with Laos. In the late 1990s and early 2000s gibbons were recorded on several occasions (Rawson et al. 2011).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Huong Son Forest

Species	Year	Total number indiv. (95% CI)	Total number groups (95% CI)	Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Nomascus leucogenys	2011		3		Huong Son Forest	Unknown	Nguyen Manh Ha et al. 2011

Threats

In 2010, Hương Sơn had 74.6kha of natural forest, extending over 76% of its land area. In 2021, it lost 679ha of natural forest, equivalent to 352kt of CO₂ emissions (Global Forest Watch).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Huong Son Forest

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture		Unknown
3. Energy production & mining		Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
5. Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High	Between 1987 and 1992 at least 10 gibbons were apparently hunted in the site (Rawson et al. 2011).	Hunting and capturing.	Ongoing (2011)
	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High		Extensive commercial logging and illegal logging (Rawson et al. 2011).	Ongoing (2011)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications		Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Huong Son Forest

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	Not reported
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Huong Son Forest

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Huong Son Forest

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Nguyen Manh Ha, Do Tuoc, and Le Van Dung (2011). [Survey of white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) in Vu Quang National Park and Huong Son Forestry Company, Ha Tinh]. Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CRES), Hanoi, Vietnam (in Vietnamese).
Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. (2011). The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date:05/05/2023