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West Africa > Nigeria > Ala Forest Reserve

Summary

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• Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) have been present in Ala Forest Reserve.
• Chimpanzees are extinct or nearly extinct at the site.
• The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 199 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting and logging for oil palm, cocoa, and teak plantations.
• Conservation activities not documented.

Site characteristics

Table 1. Basic site information for Ala Forest Reserve

Species
Area	199 km²
Coordinates	7.051510, 5.436220
Type of site	Forest Reserve
Habitat types	Arable land, plantations, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Chimpanzees are extinct or nearly extinct in Ala Forest Reserve. During a 2006 survey, no chimpanzees, nor signs of chimpanzees, were encountered (Greengrass 2006).

Threats

The northern half of the reserve is dominated by teak, oil palm, and cocoa plantations (Greengrass 2006). In the southern half of the reserve, even though the forest seems to be in a better condition, logging pressure is very high and large mammals are very scarce (Greengrass 2006).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Ala Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High	Oil palm and cocoa plantations in the northern half of the reserve (Greengrass 2006)	Ongoing (2006)
	2.2 Wood & pulp plantations	High	Land cleared for teak plantations (Greengrass 2006)	Ongoing (2006)
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors	4.1 Roads & railroads	High	A road crosses the reserve from north to south (Greengrass 2006)	Ongoing (2006)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High	Hunter trails and a large number of discarded cartridges were found in the southern part of the reserve, where chimpanzees were last seen (Greengrass 2006)	Ongoing (2006)
	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High	Logging pressure is high in the area were chimpanzees were last seen (Greengrass 2006)	Ongoing (2006)
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
10 Geological events		Absent
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12 Other threat		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Ala Forest Reserve

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
1 Development impact mitigation	1.3 Prohibit (livestock) farmers from entering protected areas	Farmers and all unauthorised people are not allowed to enter into the reserve by intensive patrols within the area (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
1 Development impact mitigation	1.4 Farm more intensively and effectively in selected areas and spare more natural land	Old cocoa and rubber farms are being cleared (since 2016) to plant new hybrid to yield more products to increase farmers income rather than clearing more land for cultivation (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols	Field staff undertake day patrols, over night patrols and long/sleeping patrols in the Park to control poaching and for field data collection (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols	Staff are trained in, how take field data on animals and how to manage the animal species causing human animals conflict and others (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
4 Education & awareness	4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use	Local communities are educated on the need to conserve the resources in the Park since the 1990s (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
5 Protection & restoration	5.2 Legally protect ape habitat			Ongoing

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenge

Table 5. Challenge reported for Ala Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Year(s)	Source
	Corruption		Greengrass 2006
	Lack of financial means		Greengrass 2006
	Lack of law enforcement		Greengrass 2006