Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

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Summary

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• Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) are present in Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
• The site has a total size of 181 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, agricultural activities and exploitation of NTFPs.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Located in eastern Cameroon, the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve covers an area of 18,100 ha and is located in the Meme Division of the South West Province (Eno Nku 2004). It is limited to the north by the Kumba-Ekondo Titi road, to the South by the CDC rubber and palm plantations, the Kumba-Buea highway to the East and the Ekombe Mbonji-Barombi Kotto road (Eno Nku 2004). The reserve was created in 1939 to protect distinctive flora and fauna with many endemic species such as the Microberlinia bisulcata (Tiger wood), Lophira alata (Iron wood), Nauclea diderichii (Opepe), Gebourtia mannii (Boubinga), Milicia excelsa (Iroko) (ERuDeF).

Table 1. Basic site information for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Species	'Pan troglodytes ellioti
Area	181 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 4.516667 , Lon: 9.316667
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Signs of chimpanzees were not found during a survey in the early 2000s (Eno Nku 2004).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti	2004	Absent				Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve	Reconnaissance walk		Eno Nku 2004	Survey effort 25 km

Threats

The populations of wildlife species at the site have declined over the years as a result of the illegal exploitation of forest resources and encroachment from all sides of the reserve (Eno Nku 2004). The absence of research, monitoring and management of the site is a great concern and has contributed to the decline of wildlife. During a survey in the early 2000s, a great number of snares, gun shells and gunshots were reported (Eno Nku 2004).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Plantations extending into the reserve (Eno Nku 2004).	Ongoing (2004)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Illegal exploitation of wildlife has led to the extinction of many wildlife species, particularly large mammals which are regularly hunted for food and for the bushmeat trade (Eno Nku 2004).	Ongoing (2004)
5 Biological resource use	5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Exploitation of NTFPs (Eno Nku 2004).	Ongoing (2004)
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
4 Institutional support	4.1 Lack of law enforcement	Eno Nku 2004
2 Resources and capacity	2.2 Lack of staff	Eno Nku 2004

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

External links

IUCN Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti)

References

Eno Nku, M. (2004). Large mammal recoinnassance surveys of Lake Barombi Mbo and Southern Banduku Forests Reserves, SW Province. Report to Wildlife Conservation Society & MINEF.

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