Akure Forest Reserve

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Summary

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• Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) may be present in Akure Forest Reserve.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
• The site has a total size of 70 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are logging, hunting, and habitat encroachment.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

The reserve is close to the town of Akure, in the state of Ondo, Nigeria. Its proximity to a major town and the old Lagos road running though are likely factors that contributed to the loss of biodiversity. However, a small area of natural vegetation remains, the Queen Elizabeth Plot. In 2004, a buffer area was established around this plot (Greengrass 2006).

Table 1. Basic site information for Akure Forest Reserve

Species	'Pan troglodytes ellioti
Area	70 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 7.312603 , Lon: 5.028576
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest, Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

During a survey in 2006, local people reported the occurrence of chimpanzees in the reserve. Although there is a patch of suitable habitat within the reserve, the size of the area and high hunting pressure mean that the site is unlikely to sustain more than a few individuals (Greengrass 2006). An up to date survey is needed to confirm chimpanzee occurrence.

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Akure Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes ellioti	2006					Akure Forest Reserve	Reconnaissance walk		Greengrass 2006	Vocalisation heard; not completely sure it was a chimpanzee

Threats

Logging in Akure forest reserve ended several years ago; almost the entire reserve has been cleared and cultivated into teak and gmelina plantations and the taungya system of farming. One camp inside the reserve has, since 2005, officially been designated a town (Greengrass 2006).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Akure Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Taungya farming (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.2 Wood & pulp plantations	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Teak and gmelina plantations occupy most of the reserve (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Snares, hunting tracks and a hunting camp documented in a 2006 survey (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	Low (up to 30% of population affected)	Logging at the site ended in the mid 90s, however, trees illegally are cut down from time to time (Greengrass 2006).	Ongoing (2006)
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Akure Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Akure Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Akure Forest Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Greengrass, E.J. (2006). A survey of chimpanzees in south-west Nigeria. Report to the NCF-WCS Biodiversity Research Programme.

Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: NA