Cabinda
Central Africa > Angola > Cabinda
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Summary
- Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Angola, Cabinda.
- It has been estimated that 1,705 (CI: 1,027–4,801) chimpanzees and 1,652 (CI: 1,174–3,311) gorillas occur in the site.
- The great ape population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 7,300 km².
- Key threats to great apes are bushmeat hunting and habitat loss as a result of agricultural expansion and logging.
- Conservation activities are not documented.
Site characteristics
The Cabinda exclave lies north of the Congo river. Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by 30 km of DRC (Caldecott & Miles 2005). It is the only part of Angola in which great apes are found. The forest of Maiombe (2,000 sq. km) supports the largest population of great apes in Cabinda (Caldecott & Miles 2005; Heffernan 2005). The Maiombe forest is part of a larger rainforest that spreads across southwest Gabon, east and northwest of Cabinda, and southwestern areas of Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Heffernan 2005). In addition to the western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee, other species inhabiting the area include forest elephants, grey parrots, guenons, various duikers, and dwarf forest buffalos (Heffernan 2005).
Table 1. Basic site information for Cabinda
| Species | Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla |
| Area | 7,300 km² |
| Coordinates | Lat: -4.682290 S , Lon: 12.628115 E |
| Type of site | Non-protected area |
| Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical swamp forest |
| Type of governance |
IUCN habitat categories Site designations
Ape status
Great ape population estimates have been difficult to obtain, as civil conflict has deterred field studies (Caldecott & Miles 2005). However, based on a density distribution model, the predicted chimpanzee population in Cabinda for 2013 was 1,705 (95% CI: 1,027-4,801) individuals, and the predicted gorilla population was 1,652 (95% CI: 1,174-3,311) individuals (Strindberg et al. 2018).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cabinda
| Species | Year | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Encounter rate (nests/km) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2005-2013 | 1,705 (1,027–4,801) | Angola, Cabinda | Other | Strindberg et al. 2018 | ||||
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | 2013 | 1,652 (1,174–3,311) | Angola, Cabinda | Other | Strindberg et al. 2018 |
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cabinda
| Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Residential & commercial development | Unknown | |||
| 2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High | Encroachment into forest areas for agricultural expansion (Heffernan 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
| 3 Energy production & mining | Unknown | |||
| 4 Transportation & service corridors | Unknown | |||
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Present, but threat severity is unknown | Bushmeat hunting for subsistence and commercial purposes (Caldecott & Miles 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
| 5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High | Local and commercial logging is widespread, often involving clear-cutting large areas (Heffernan 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
| 6 Human intrusions & disturbance | Unknown | |||
| 7 Natural system modifications | Unknown | |||
| 8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Unknown | |||
| 9 Pollution | Unknown | |||
| 10 Geological events | Absent | |||
| 11 Climate change & severe weather | Unknown | |||
| 12 Other threat | Absent |
Conservation activities
Since 2008, the UN Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have assisted Angola, Congo, and DR Congo to create a cooperation agreement for the management of the Mayombe Forest Transfrontier Protected Area (TPA). A transboundary management plan was approved in 2013. Due to the lack of progress in the implementation of the plan, recent discussions have been held towards the revitalization of the initiative (UNEP).
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Cabinda
| Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Safety and stability | 6.3 Civil unrest/war | Caldecott & Miles 2005 | |
| 4 Institutional support | 4.1 Lack of law enforcement | Caldecott & Miles 2005 |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Cabinda
| Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Site management | |||
| 2 Resources and capacity | |||
| 3 Engaged community | |||
| 4 Institutional support | |||
| 5 Ecological context | |||
| 6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Cabinda
| Behavior | Source |
|---|---|
| Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
Relevant datasets
References
Caldecott, J. & Miles, L. (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Heffernan, J. (2005). Elephants of Cabinda; Mission report, Angola, April 2005. Fauna & Flora International & United Nations Development Programme in co-operation with the Dept. of Urban Affairs and Environment, Cabinda, Angola.
Strindberg, S., Maisels, F., Williamson, E. A., Blake, S., Stokes, E. J., Aba’a, R., Abitsi, G., Agbor, A., Ambahe, R. D., Bakabana, P. C., Bechem, M., Berlemont, A., Bokoto de Semboli, B., Boundja, P. R., Bout, N., Breuer, T., Campbell, G., De Wachter, P., Ella Akou, M., … Wilkie, D. S. (2018). Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa. Science Advances, 4(4), eaar2964. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar2964
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