Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

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Summary

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• Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) may be present in Cape Three Points Forest Reserve.
• No chimpanzees were recorded in the last survey.
• The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
• The site has a total size of 51 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, logging, and forest loss due to agricultural expansion.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Cape Three Points Forest Reserve (CTP) is a small forest fragment in southern Ghana, representing one of the few patches of Atlantic forest remaining along the coast (Gatti 2009). Despite its small size, the reserve holds a rich diversity of plants, which led to its designation as a GSBA (Gatti 2009). The site was also declared as an Important Bird Area in 2001, as the site supports an interesting avifauna, including the Yellow-casqued hornbill (BirdLife International 2022).

Table 1. Basic site information for Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

Species	'Pan troglodytes verus
Area	51 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 4.846039 , Lon: -2.041636
Type of site	Protected area (Forest Reserve)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A rapid survey was conducted at the site in 2009 in the context of the Wildlife Wood Project in Ghana, which aims to assist logging companies in improving wildlife management in concession areas (Gatti 2009). No signs of chimpanzees were recorded.

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	2009		0			Cape Three Points Forest Reserve	Reconnaissance walk		Gatti 2009	survey effort: 16.55 km

Threats

The reserve is surrounded by rural settlements and extensive rubber plantations of the GREL (Ghana Rubber Estates Limited Company) (Gatti 2009). Wildlife resources are under severe threat from the surrounding human population (BirdLife International 2022).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
1 Residential & commercial development	1.1 Residential areas	High (more than 70% of population affected)	The reserve is surrounded by rural settlements and is under significant pressure from the surrounding populations (Gatti 2009).	Ongoing (2009)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Seven admitted farms within the reserve boundaries. In the absence of clear demarcation, the farms have slowly extended, causing forest loss (Gatti 2009).	Ongoing (2009)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	High hunting pressure in the reserve (Gatti 2009).	Ongoing (2009)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	Present (unknown severity)	Illegal felling of trees for canoes and wood construction in local fishing villages (Gatti 2009).	Ongoing (2009)
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining	3.2 Mining & quarrying	Unknown	Evidence of past gold-mining activity, including prospecting pits and small abandoned mines (BirdLife International 2022).	Ongoing (2022)

IUCN Threats list

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Cape Three Points Forest Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Cape Three Points Forest Reserve. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 15/03/2022.

Gatti, S. (2009). Mammal surveys and capacity building for the Wildlife Wood Project - Ghana. Unpublished report to the WWP-Ghana.

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