Mone River Forest Reserve

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Summary

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• Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ellioti) & Cross river gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli) are present in Mone River Forest Reserve.
• It has been estimated that 20-30 gorillas occur in the site.
• The great ape population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 538 km².
• Key threats to great apes are poaching and habitat loss due to logging and expansion of cocoa farms into the reserve.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Mone River Forest Reserve is located approximately 7 km southeast of Takamanda National Park. The forest reserve was established in the 1950s. The landscape is topographically diverse, with hills rising from 350 m to almost 1,000 m above sea level (Dunn et al. 2014).

Table 1. Basic site information for Mone River Forest Reserve

Species	'Gorilla gorilla diehli
Area	538 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 5.885802 , Lon: 9.485535
Type of site	Protected area (National Park)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, Wetlands (lakes, rivers, streams, bogs, marshes), Agricultural land
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

The presence of gorillas in the reserve was only confirmed in 2000, with the discovery of a population in a mountainous region in the extreme northeast of the reserve, close to the village of Mbu (Dunn et al. 2014). Surveys in the north of the reserve have determined that gorillas use a relatively large area (100 km²), extending from the center of the reserve to the northern border and continuous with the gorilla range in the Mbulu-Mt. Oko region (Dunn et al. 2014). A few gorilla nest sites have been found at two sites outside the boundaries of the reserve (Dunn et al. 2014).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Mone River Forest Reserve

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Gorilla gorilla diehli	Unknown				20-30	Mone Forest Reserve (northern half)	Unknown		WCS Gorilla Guardian Program, as cited by Dunn et al. 2014

Threats

The main threats to the gorillas in this area are poaching and habitat loss (Dunn et al. 2014).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Mone River Forest Reserve

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
1 Residential & commercial development	1.1 Residential areas	Absent	No human settlements within the boundaries of the reserve (Dunn et al. 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High (more than 70% of population affected)	The increasing price of cocoa in the international market has prompted many young people in the villages near the reserve to establish cocoa farms in the forest reserve (Dunn et al. 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Uncontrolled hunting (Dunn et al. 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
5 Biological resource use	5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants	Present (unknown severity)	Unsustainable extraction of forest products (Dunn et al. 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	Present (unknown severity)	Timber exploitation (Dunn et al. 2014).	Ongoing (2014)
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Mone River Forest Reserve

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
	Not reported

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Mone River Forest Reserve

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Mone River Forest Reserve

Behavior	Source
Not reported

External links

Takamanda-Mone Landscape WCS

References

Dunn, A., Bergl, R., Byler, D., Eben-Ebai, S., Etiendem, D. N., Fotso, R., ... & Williamson, E. A. (2014). Revised regional action plan for the conservation of the Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) 2014–2019. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Wildlife Conservation Society.

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