Nakai Nam Theun National Park

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Summary

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• Southern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus siki) and northern white-cheeked gibbons (Nomascus leucogenys) are present in Nakai Nam Theun National Park.
• The population sizes are unknown.
• The population trends are decreasing.
• The site has a total size of 4270 km².
• Key threats to gibbons are loss of habitat due to agricultural encroachment and hunting.
• Conservation activities have focused on biomonitoring, anti-poaching patrols, conducting research and enforcing park boundaries.

Site characteristics

Nakai Nam Theun National Park is located in the Annamite Mountains in Laos, bordering Vietnam. In addition to northern white-cheeked and southern white-cheeked gibbons, other rare mammal species that occur in the area include the large-antlered muntjac, Annamite striped rabbit, and saola (IUCN Green list).

Table 1. Basic site information for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Species	'Nomascus siki, Nomascus leucogenys
Area	4,270 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 17.903516 , Lon: 105.310483
Type of site	Protected area (National Park)
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, Subtropical/tropical dry forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

© Camille Coudrat

Ape status

The gibbon population trend is decreasing based on qualitative observations and reports from local villagers (Coudrat pers. obs. 2023).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Species	Year	Total number indiv. (95% CI)	Total number groups (95% CI)	Density ​​[groups/km²​] (95% CI)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID	NA	NA
Nomascus siki						Nakai Nam Theun National Park	Unknown
Nomascus leucogenys						Nakai Nam Theun National Park	Unknown

Threats

Illegal hunting is the primary threat to gibbons in the park (Coudrat pers. obs. 2023).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Subsistence illegal hunting with traditional handmade rifles, illegal national and or international trade driven hunting (Coudrat pers. obs. 2023).	Ongoing (2023)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	Medium (30-70% of population affected)	Agricultural land expanding within the national park for local human communities living inside the park (over 8000 people) (Coudrat pers. obs. 2023).	Ongoing (2023)
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Category	Specific activity	Description	Implementing organization(s)	Year of activity
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols	By the Park authorities since 2010 (Coudrat pers. comm. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.8 Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols	By the Park authorities since 2010 (Coudrat pers. comm. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.11 Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g., SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of patrols	By the Park authorities since 2010 (Coudrat pers. comm. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
2 Counter-wildlife crime	2.12 Implement community control of patrolling, banning hunting and removing snares	By the Park authorities since 2010 (Coudrat pers. comm. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
5 Protection & restoration	5.2 Legally protect ape habitat	The site is a National Park.		Ongoing (2023)
5 Protection & restoration	5.5 Demarcate and enforce boundaries of protected areas	by Park authorities since 2010 (Coudrat pers. comm. 2023).		Ongoing (2023)
8 Permanent presence	8.1 Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site	by Association Anoulak (Coudrat pers. comm. 2023).		2013-2024

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Lack of effective and systemic law enforcement; corruption, mismanagement of national Park by authorities, lack of technical knowledge by government management teams (Coudrat per. obs. 2023).

Table 5. Challenges reported for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
4 Institutional support	4.1 Lack of law enforcement	Coudrat pers. obs. 2023
1 Site management	1.3 Corruption	Coudrat pers. obs. 2023
1 Site management	1.2 Need for improved coordination	Coudrat pers. obs. 2023
2 Resources and capacity	2.1 Lack of capacity/training	Coudrat pers. obs. 2023

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

Current (2023) projects led by Association Anoulak (www.conservationlaos.com) are:

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Nakai Nam Theun National Park

Behavior	Source
Not reported

References

Coudrat CNZ, Nanthavong C, Ngoprasert D, Suwanwaree P, Savini T. 2015. Singing Patterns of WhiteCheeked Gibbons (Nomascus sp.) in the Annamite Mountains of Laos. International Journal of Primatology 36:691–706.

Page created by: Camille Coudrat Date: NA