Ngotto Forest

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Summary

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• Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Ngotto Forest.
• The population size is unknown.
• The population trend is unknown.
• The site has a total size of 87 km².
• Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting and logging.
• Conservation activities are not documented.

Site characteristics

Located at the northern edge of the great Congo Forest Basin, Ngotto is of particular interest, as it intersects with the northern savannah ecosystem. Until recently it has remained one of the last large tracts of natural forest in the southwest Central African Republic (Hicks et al. 2009).

Table 1. Basic site information for Ngotto Forest

Species	'Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Area	87 km²
Coordinates	Lat: 3.889943 , Lon: 17.315173
Type of site	Non-protected area
Habitat types	Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical dry forest
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

A total of 0.32 great ape nests per kilometer were found in the logged section of the forest, compared with 3.52 nests per kilometer in the immediately adjacent unlogged but transected forest, 11 times the difference (Hicks et al. 2009).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Ngotto Forest

Species	Year	Occurrence	Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Survey area	Sampling method	Analytical framework	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes troglodytes	2001-2002		0.40			Ngotto Forest	Line transects		Hicks et al. 2009
Gorilla gorilla gorilla	2001-2002		0.49			Ngotto Forest	Line transects		Hicks et al. 2009

Threats

The timber company Industrie Forestiére du Batalimo (IFB) has been selectively exploiting the Ngotto Forest, concession PEA 169, since the late 90s. Surveyors for the logging company lived for weeks in the forest in makeshift camps. Hunters associated with the logging company regularly hunted using wire snares, shotguns, and flashlights for night hunting.T. C. Hicks observed logging trucks on nearby roads transporting large sacks of bushmeat, likely destined for sale in urban areas (Hicks et al. 2009).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Ngotto Forest

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Description	Year of threat
10 Geological events		Absent
12 Other threat		Absent
5 Biological resource use	5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Bushmeat hunting linked to the presence of loggers (Hicks et al. 2009).	Ongoing (2009)
5 Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High (more than 70% of population affected)	Parts of the forest are, or have been, logging concessions (Hicks et al. 2009).	Ongoing (2009)
1 Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2 Agriculture & aquaculture		Unknown
3 Energy production & mining		Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance		Unknown
7 Natural system modifications		Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases		Unknown
9 Pollution		Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather		Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Ngotto Forest

Challenges	Specific challenges	Source	Year(s)
4 Institutional support	4.1 Lack of law enforcement	Hicks et al. 2009

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Ngotto Forest

Enablers	Specific enablers	Source	Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Ngotto Forest

Behavior	Source
Ant dipping	Hicks, Fouts & Fouts 2005
Honey extraction with tools	Hicks, Fouts & Fouts 2005

References

Hicks, T.C., Fouts, R.S. & Fouts, D.H.(2009). A Survey of Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the Selectively Logged Ngotto Forest, Central African Republic. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science,12(3),165-188.

Hicks, T.C., Fouts R.S. & Fouts, D.H. (2005). Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) Tool Use in the Ngotto Forest, Central African Republic. American Journal of Primatology 65, 221-237.

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