Changes

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

The Budongo Forest is a moist, semi-deciduous tropical rain forest located at the top of the Albertine Rift, situated between 1° 37 N - 2° 03 N and 31° 22 - 31° 46 E. It is classified as a Central Forest Reserve and comprises 435 km² of continuous forest cover. In addition there are numerous strips of riverine forest, perhaps some 100 km in total, forming arms of forest that stretch out into the surrounding areas, mainly sugar cane plantations and other cropland. The forest is of a medium altitude (average 1,100m). The land slopes from southeast to northwest, and its four main rivers, the Waisoke, the Sonso, the Kamirambwa and the Siba, flow towards the northwest towards the Albertine Rift. Annual rainfall varies between about 1200 and 2200 mm (average 1600 mm). Most rain falls between March and May and between September and November with a dry season between December and February. At this time, the daytime heat can be substantial, food supply is low, and chimpanzees spend much time on the forest floor in deep shade. In general, however, temperatures are relatively even during the year varying between 19°C and 32°C. The nearest large town is Masindi, but much of the land around Budongo Forest is under cultivation with houses, villages, schools and markets (BCFS n.d.).

The Budongo Forest is a moist, semi-deciduous tropical rain forest located at the top of the Albertine Rift, situated between 1° 37 N - 2° 03 N and 31° 22 - 31° 46 E. It is classified as a Central Forest Reserve and comprises 435 km² of continuous forest cover. In addition there are numerous strips of riverine forest, perhaps some 100 km in total, forming arms of forest that stretch out into the surrounding areas, mainly sugar cane plantations and other cropland. The forest is of a medium altitude (average 1,100m). The land slopes from southeast to northwest, and its four main rivers, the Waisoke, the Sonso, the Kamirambwa and the Siba, flow towards the northwest towards the Albertine Rift. Annual rainfall varies between about 1200 and 2200 mm (average 1600 mm). Most rain falls between March and May and between September and November with a dry season between December and February. At this time, the daytime heat can be substantial, food supply is low, and chimpanzees spend much time on the forest floor in deep shade. In general, however, temperatures are relatively even during the year varying between 19°C and 32°C. The nearest large town is Masindi, but much of the land around Budongo Forest is under cultivation with houses, villages, schools and markets ([http://www.budongo.org/ BCFS]).

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Budongo Central Forest Reserve'''

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Budongo Central Forest Reserve'''

= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

Key threats to chimpanzees include snares set by hunters (typically targeting duiker and pigs), loss of trees around forest edge due to settlement, loss of trees inside forest due to timber extraction and charcoal production, and human-to-chimpanzee disease transmission (BCFS n.d.; Reynolds 2005)

Key threats to chimpanzees include snares set by hunters (typically targeting duiker and pigs), loss of trees around forest edge due to settlement, loss of trees inside forest due to timber extraction and charcoal production, and human-to-chimpanzee disease transmission ([http://www.budongo.org/ BCFS]; Reynolds 2005)

'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Budongo Central Forest Reserve'''

'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Budongo Central Forest Reserve'''

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|5.17. Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms

|5.17. Provide sustainable alternative livelihoods; establish fish- or domestic meat farms

|Collaboration and sensitisation work with the local community (e.g. goat farming scheme, which aims to reduce reliance on bushmeat; Hobaiter & Reynolds pers. comm. 2020; Reynolds 2005; BCFS n.d.).

|Collaboration and sensitisation work with the local community (e.g. goat farming scheme, which aims to reduce reliance on bushmeat; Hobaiter & Reynolds pers. comm. 2020; Reynolds 2005; [http://www.budongo.org/ BCFS]).

|Ongoing (2020)

|Ongoing (2020)

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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->

= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->

Research activities have been very extensive since 1990 (see [http://www.budongo.org/ Budongo Conservation Field Station BCFS]). Current work includes chimpanzee communication, cognition, tool-use, demography, social behaviour, and health. Primate and avian behavioural ecology. Work on phenology and fruiting patterns (in particular in relation to an apparent decline in fruiting). Human-wildlife interactions, and human-wildlife health monitoring. Long-term data includes chimpanzee behavioural, demographic, health, and ranging data, phenological data, illegal activities data, and meteorological data (BCFS n.d.; Reynolds 2005)

Research activities have been very extensive since 1990 (see [http://www.budongo.org/ BCFS]). Current work includes chimpanzee communication, cognition, tool-use, demography, social behaviour, and health. Primate and avian behavioural ecology. Work on phenology and fruiting patterns (in particular in relation to an apparent decline in fruiting). Human-wildlife interactions, and human-wildlife health monitoring. Long-term data includes chimpanzee behavioural, demographic, health, and ranging data, phenological data, illegal activities data, and meteorological data (BCFS n.d.; Reynolds 2005)

[[File:Optimized-BCFR Sat map.jpeg| 300px | thumb| right | Budongo Central Forest Reserve]]

[[File:Optimized-BCFR Sat map.jpeg| 300px | thumb| right | Budongo Central Forest Reserve]]

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->