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Line 1: − + − + − + − + − - Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images+ − + − + − − − − to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining", − rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". + − [[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − − − − − − = Site characteristics = + − This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.+ − + − − − + − + − + − + − + − |+ − + − + − + − <br> − − − − = Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> − − − − This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper). − + − + − + − + Line 72:
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Line 99: − + − This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below. − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 108:
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Line 195: + + − = Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->+ − − − This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below. − − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 270:
Line 274: + − + − = Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->+ − + − + − Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities. − − − − − − − + − − − + − Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site. − − + − + − + − + + + − − <br> − − + + + − + − − <i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i> − <br><br>
no edit summary
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
-->
-->
[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Lobéké National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
* Central chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & western lowland gorilla (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Lobéké National Park.
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* It has been estimated that 2,658 gorillas and chimpanzees occur in the site.
* The great ape population trend is decreasing.
* Ape taxa present
* The site has a total size of 2,153 km².
* Ape population size
* Poaching is a key threat to chimpanzees and gorillas.
* Ape population trend
* The site forms part of the Sangha Trinational transboundary conservation landscape.
* This site has a total size of XX km².
* Key threats to apes are ...
* Additional information
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Lobéké National Park is situated in the southeast corner of Cameroon. The park forms part of the Sangha Trinational (TNS) transboundary conservation landscape, which also includes [[Dzanga-Ndoki National Park]] in the Central African Republic, and [[Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park]] in the Republic of Congo (N'Goran 2017; BirdLife International 2020). With at least 305 bird species recorded, Lobéké National Park is a designated Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). The saline swamps found in Lobéké attract large numbers of elephants and bongos, and the park contains a significant proportion of untouched primary forest (BirdLife International 2020). The park has one of the highest concentrations of gorillas and elephants in the continent ([https://fondationtns.org/en/ Sangha Tri-national Trust fund]).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lobéké National Park'''
'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|
|2,153 km²
|-
|-
| Coordinates
|Coordinates
|
|2.298493 N, 15.689466 E
|-
|-
| Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, marshes
|}
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lobéké National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Area
! A.P.E.S. database ID
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|2015
|2,658
|
|
|Lobéké National Park
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran 2017
|
|
|-
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|2009
|2,685
|
|
|
|
|Lobéké National Park
|Unknown
|N'Goran 2017
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|2006
|5,598
|
|
|
|
|Lobéké National Park
|Unknown
|N'Goran 2017
|
|
|
|
|-
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'' & ''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''
|2002
|6,360
|
|
|
|Lobéké National Park
|Unknown
|N'Goran 2017
|
|
|
|}
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Lobéké National Park'''
'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High
|Hunting encounter rates increased from 0.11 sign/km in 2002, to 0.17 sign/km in 2009, to 0.25 sign/km in 2015 (N'Goran 2017).
|
|
|
|Ongoing (2017)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|9. Pollution
|9. Pollution
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|10. Geological Events
|10. Geological Events
|
|
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
|11. Climate change & severe weather
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|12. Other options
|12. Other options
|
|
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
The [https://fondationtns.org/en/support-for-conservation-and-monitoring/ Sangha Tri-National Trust Fund] has contributed to the implementation of several conservation activities across the TNS; the WWF has helped develop and improve management plans for the area through their [https://www.wwf-congobasin.org/where_we_work/cameroon/jengi_programme/ Jengi programme].
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lobéké National Park'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|9. Pollution
|9. Pollution
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10. Education & Awareness
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11. Habitat Protection
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|12. Species Management
|12. Species Management
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lobéké National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
Several studies have been conducted at Lobéké National Park. A recent study found that changes in land cover from 2001 to 2014 influenced great ape nest distribution (Yuh et al. 2019).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lobéké National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
!Source
|-
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
=External links=
[https://fondationtns.org/en/lobeke-national-park/
===Relevant datasets===
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
= References =
= References =
N'Goran, K.P. (2017). Summary Report on WWF BIOMONITORING activities from 2014 to 2016 Status of Forest Elephant and Great Apes in Central Africa Priority Sites.<br>
BirdLife International. (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lobéké National Park. Retrieved from http://www.birdlife.org on 23/11/2020.<br>
Yuh, Y. G., Dongmo, Z. N., N’Goran, P. K., Ekodeck, H., Mengamenya, A., Kuehl, H., Sop, T., Tracz, W., Agunbiade, M., & Elvis, T. (2019). Effects of Land cover change on Great Apes distribution at the Lobéké National Park and its surrounding Forest Management Units, South-East Cameroon. A 13 year time series analysis. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36225-2 <br>
<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX ''' Date:''' DD/MM/YY <br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 06/12/2020 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->