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| + | <!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION |
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| + | [[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary]] |
| | | |
| + | = Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map --> |
| + | * Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') are present in Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary. |
| + | * The population size is unknown. |
| + | * The population trend is unknown. |
| + | * The site has a total size of 640 km². |
| + | * Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting, logging, and agricultural encroachment . |
| + | * Conservation activities are not documented. |
| + | |
| + | = Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information --> |
| + | |
| + | Established in 1996, Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary (BMWS) is situated between [[Korup National Park]] to the west and Santchou Wildlife Reserve to the east. With 322 bird species recorded, the site is an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2020). Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees, mandrills, and forest elephants are present in BMWS. The population of forest elephants has been significantly reduced by poaching. BMWS falls naturally into two sections: the northern block where the terrain is mostly flat, and a mountainous southern block, which includes a small part of the Bakossi mountains (BirdLife International 2020). |
| + | |
| + | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary''' |
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information" |
| + | | Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha --> |
| + | |640 km² |
| + | |- |
| + | |Coordinates |
| + | |5.357767 N, 9.609717 E |
| + | |- |
| + | |Designation |
| + | |Wildlife Sanctuary |
| + | |- |
| + | |Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below --> |
| + | |Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded former forest |
| + | |} |
| + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] |
| + | |
| + | = Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> |
| + | |
| + | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary''' |
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table" |
| + | ! Species |
| + | ! Year |
| + | ! Abundance estimate (95% CI) |
| + | ! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) |
| + | ! Encounter rate (nests/km) |
| + | ! Area |
| + | ! Method |
| + | ! Source |
| + | ! Comments |
| + | ! A.P.E.S. database ID |
| + | |- |
| + | |''Pan troglodytes ellioti'' |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |} |
| + | |
| + | = Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats --> |
| + | |
| + | The site is mainly threatened by logging, hunting and agricultural encroachment—there are a number of villages found legally within the sanctuary boundaries (BirdLife International 2020). |
| + | |
| + | '''Table 3. Threats to apes in Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary''' |
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table" |
| + | !align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES --> |
| + | !Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below --> |
| + | !Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown--> |
| + | !Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates--> |
| + | !Description <!-- Add descriptive information --> |
| + | !Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses --> |
| + | |- |
| + | |1. Residential & commercial development |
| + | |1.1 Housing & urban areas |
| + | |Present, but threat severity is unknown |
| + | | |
| + | |A number of villages are found within the boundaries of the site, lawfully (BirdLife International 2020). |
| + | |Ongoing (2020) |
| + | |- |
| + | |2. Agriculture & aquaculture |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |3. Energy production & mining |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |4. Transportation & service corridors |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |5. Biological resource use |
| + | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals |
| + | |High |
| + | | |
| + | |Commercial poaching (Morgan et al. 2011; BirdLife International 2020). |
| + | |Ongoing (2020) |
| + | |- |
| + | |6. Human intrusion & disturbance |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |7. Natural system modifications |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |9. Pollution |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |10. Geological Events |
| + | | |
| + | |Absent |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | | 11. Climate change & severe weather |
| + | | |
| + | |Unknown |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |12. Other options |
| + | | |
| + | |Absent |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |} |
| + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list] |
| + | |
| + | = Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities --> |
| + | |
| + | '''Table 4. Conservation activities in Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary''' |
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table" |
| + | !align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES --> |
| + | !Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” --> |
| + | !Description <!-- Add descriptive information --> |
| + | !Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information --> |
| + | |- |
| + | |1. Residential & commercial development |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |2. Agriculture & aquaculture |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |3. Energy production & mining |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |4. Transportation & service corridors |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |5. Biological resource use |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |6. Human intrusion & disturbance |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |7. Natural system modifications |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |9. Pollution |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |10. Education & Awareness |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |11. Habitat Protection |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |12. Species Management |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |} |
| + | [[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]] |
| + | |
| + | = Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation --> |
| + | |
| + | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary''' |
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table" |
| + | !align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories --> |
| + | !Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned --> |
| + | |- |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |} |
| + | |
| + | = Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities --> |
| + | |
| + | Greengrass, E.J. and Maisels, F. 2007. Conservation of the NigerianCameroon Chimpanzee P. t. vellerosus (and other mammals) In and Around the Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary, South-west Province, Cameroon. Report, WCS Cameroon Programme, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York. |
| + | |
| + | ===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations --> |
| + | |
| + | '''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary''' |
| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table" |
| + | !align="left"|Behavior |
| + | !Source |
| + | |- |
| + | |Not reported |
| + | | |
| + | |- |
| + | |} |
| + | |
| + | =External links= |
| + | [https://cameroon.panda.org/places_landscapes/coastal_forests_programme/banyang_mbo_wildlife_sanctuary/ WWF Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary] |
| + | |
| + | ===Relevant datasets=== |
| + | [http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal] |
| + | |
| + | = References = |
| + | BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Banyang Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/12/2020. <br> |
| + | Morgan, B.J. et al. 2011. Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego, CA, USA <br> |
| + | |
| + | <br> |
| + | '''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 08/01/2021 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" --> |