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Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING Site INFORMATION - Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images - Text paragraphs and images a..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING Site INFORMATION
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
-->
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Sobeya]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Sobeya.
* A population size estimate for western chimpanzees has not been reported.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This site has a total size of 96 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are agriculture and livestock farming.
* Conservation activities were not reported.
* Sobeya was a temporary research site of the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee (PanAf).
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Sobeya is a temporary research site of the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee ([http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/ PanAf]) close to the village Sobeya in Guinea. More specifically this site located in the southern part of the Fouta Djallon. Research was conducted for 12 months in 2012 and 2013. The area is characterized by savanna and gallery forests. Species encountered include the Guinea baboon (''Papio papio'').
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|96 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|10.26 N, -11.71 W
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|None
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical dry forest, plantations
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
As part of the PanAf data collection protocol recce and line transect surveys were conducted in 2012 and 2013. However, chimpanzee density or abundance was not analyzed/not published (PanAf 2019).
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2012-2013
|
|
|Present
|Sobeya
|Line transects (Distance)
|PanAf 2019
|Abundance estimate was not published
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The area is used by farmers and herders from nearby villages. There was a breeder settlement within the study area and the village Sobeya. Cows were frequently captured on camera traps (unpublished PanAf report).
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1. Housing & urban areas
|Present
|
|Village Sobeya, breeder settlement (unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
|Present
|
|Plantations encountered on transects (unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|
|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching
|Present
|
|Cows captured on camera traps(unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression
|Present
|
|Presence of fire reported (unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Conservation interventions were not reported for Sobeya.
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
No impediments were reported for Sobeya.
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
Data collected by the PanAf at Sobeya was used to for studies on chimpanzee behavior (Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019, Tagg et al. 2018) and diseases in apes (Murthy et al. 2019).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
|-
|Algae fishing
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|-
|Ant eating
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|-
|Stone throwing
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|-
|Termite fishing
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|}
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
<br>
= References =
Kühl HS et al. 2016. Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. Scientific Reports. 6:1–8.<br>
Kühl HS et al. 2019. Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity. Science. 363:1453–1455.<br>
Murthy S. et al. 2019. Cytomegalovirus distribution and evolution in hominines. Virus Evolution 5(2):vez015<br>
PanAf. 2019. Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. Online: [http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/ panafrican.eva.mpg.de]<br>
Tagg N et al. 2018. Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 166:510-529<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 14/10/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
-->
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
[[West Africa]] > [[Republic of Guinea]] > [[Sobeya]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Sobeya.
* A population size estimate for western chimpanzees has not been reported.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This site has a total size of 96 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are agriculture and livestock farming.
* Conservation activities were not reported.
* Sobeya was a temporary research site of the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee (PanAf).
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Sobeya is a temporary research site of the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee ([http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/ PanAf]) close to the village Sobeya in Guinea. More specifically this site located in the southern part of the Fouta Djallon. Research was conducted for 12 months in 2012 and 2013. The area is characterized by savanna and gallery forests. Species encountered include the Guinea baboon (''Papio papio'').
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|96 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|10.26 N, -11.71 W
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|None
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Dry savanna, subtropical/tropical dry shrubland, subtropical/tropical dry forest, plantations
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
As part of the PanAf data collection protocol recce and line transect surveys were conducted in 2012 and 2013. However, chimpanzee density or abundance was not analyzed/not published (PanAf 2019).
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2012-2013
|
|
|Present
|Sobeya
|Line transects (Distance)
|PanAf 2019
|Abundance estimate was not published
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The area is used by farmers and herders from nearby villages. There was a breeder settlement within the study area and the village Sobeya. Cows were frequently captured on camera traps (unpublished PanAf report).
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1.1. Housing & urban areas
|Present
|
|Village Sobeya, breeder settlement (unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops
|Present
|
|Plantations encountered on transects (unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|
|2.3. Livestock Farming & Ranching
|Present
|
|Cows captured on camera traps(unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1. Fire & Fire suppression
|Present
|
|Presence of fire reported (unpublished PanAf report from 2013)
|Ongoing (2013)
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Conservation interventions were not reported for Sobeya.
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
No impediments were reported for Sobeya.
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
Data collected by the PanAf at Sobeya was used to for studies on chimpanzee behavior (Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019, Tagg et al. 2018) and diseases in apes (Murthy et al. 2019).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Sobeya'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
|-
|Algae fishing
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|-
|Ant eating
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|-
|Stone throwing
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|-
|Termite fishing
|Kühl et al. 2016, Kühl et al. 2019
|}
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
<br>
= References =
Kühl HS et al. 2016. Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. Scientific Reports. 6:1–8.<br>
Kühl HS et al. 2019. Human impact erodes chimpanzee behavioral diversity. Science. 363:1453–1455.<br>
Murthy S. et al. 2019. Cytomegalovirus distribution and evolution in hominines. Virus Evolution 5(2):vez015<br>
PanAf. 2019. Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. Online: [http://panafrican.eva.mpg.de/ panafrican.eva.mpg.de]<br>
Tagg N et al. 2018. Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 166:510-529<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 14/10/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>