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Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Kakum National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|5.485273, -1.344909~[[Kakum National Park]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Kakum National Park.
* No chimpanzees were recorded in the last survey.
* The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
* The site has a total size of 375 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting and logging.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Kakum National Park is located in southern Ghana. The terrain is generally flat, with a few hills in the southwestern part of the park, rising up to 250 m above sea level (Gatti 2009). The area was demarcated as a forest reserve in the 1930s, thereby protecting the watersheds of Kakum river and other rivers that supply water to Caper Coast and nearby areas (Gatti 2009). The Kakum Conservation Area was legally gazetted in 1992, consisting of Kakum National Park and Assin Attandanso Forest Reserve. It falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission (Gatti 2009).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|375 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|5.485273 N, -1.344909 W
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
A rapid survey was conducted at the site in 2009; except for calls of a group of Lowe's Mona monkeys, ''Cercopithecus lowei'', no other primate species were detected at the site (Gatti 2009).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2009
|
|
|0
|Kakum National Park
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Gatti 2009
|survey effort: 33.38 km
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Medium
|0.120 hunting signs/km recorded in a 2009 survey (Gatti 2009).
|Relative to other sites in southwestern Ghana, hunting pressure is lower, likely due to the presence of wildlife guards (Gatti 2009).
|Ongoing (2009)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Timber exploitation, which came to a stop with the change in management status, but overall the forest is heavily disturbed (Gatti 2009).
|1936-1989
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum Kakum National Park - nationalparks.org]
= References =
Gatti, S. (2009). Mammal surveys and capacity building for the Wildlife Wood Project - Ghana. Unpublished report to the WWP-Ghana. <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 18/03/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Kakum National Park]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|5.485273, -1.344909~[[Kakum National Park]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Kakum National Park.
* No chimpanzees were recorded in the last survey.
* The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.
* The site has a total size of 375 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are hunting and logging.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Kakum National Park is located in southern Ghana. The terrain is generally flat, with a few hills in the southwestern part of the park, rising up to 250 m above sea level (Gatti 2009). The area was demarcated as a forest reserve in the 1930s, thereby protecting the watersheds of Kakum river and other rivers that supply water to Caper Coast and nearby areas (Gatti 2009). The Kakum Conservation Area was legally gazetted in 1992, consisting of Kakum National Park and Assin Attandanso Forest Reserve. It falls under the administrative jurisdiction of the Wildlife Division of the Forestry Commission (Gatti 2009).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|375 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|5.485273 N, -1.344909 W
|-
|Designation
|National Park
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
A rapid survey was conducted at the site in 2009; except for calls of a group of Lowe's Mona monkeys, ''Cercopithecus lowei'', no other primate species were detected at the site (Gatti 2009).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2009
|
|
|0
|Kakum National Park
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Gatti 2009
|survey effort: 33.38 km
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Medium
|0.120 hunting signs/km recorded in a 2009 survey (Gatti 2009).
|Relative to other sites in southwestern Ghana, hunting pressure is lower, likely due to the presence of wildlife guards (Gatti 2009).
|Ongoing (2009)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|Timber exploitation, which came to a stop with the change in management status, but overall the forest is heavily disturbed (Gatti 2009).
|1936-1989
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Kakum National Park'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://national-parks.org/ghana/kakum Kakum National Park - nationalparks.org]
= References =
Gatti, S. (2009). Mammal surveys and capacity building for the Wildlife Wood Project - Ghana. Unpublished report to the WWP-Ghana. <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 18/03/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->