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[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area]]

[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

 

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area.  

* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area.  

* It has been estimated that 388 individuals occur at the site.  

* It has been estimated that 388 individuals occur at the site.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is decreasing.  

* The Bumbuna Conservation Area was established within the catchment area to protect some of the biodiversity. In addition, Loma Mountains National Park was established to offset the environmental impacts of the Bumbuna dam.

* The Bumbuna Conservation Area was established within the catchment area to protect some of the biodiversity. In addition, Loma Mountains National Park was established to offset the environmental impacts of the Bumbuna dam.

* The area features Sierra Leone’s first hydroelectric power plant, which has been operational since 2009.

* The area features Sierra Leone’s first hydroelectric power plant, which has been operational since 2009.

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

Situated in the central part of the country, the site contains Sierra Leone’s [https://www.voanews.com/africa/sierra-leones-hydro-power-dam-lighting-freetown first hydroelectric dam], supplied by the Seli river (Thompson 2010). The [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/bumbuna-hydroelectric-power-plant/ power plant] has been in operation since 2009, and current plans of the project involve the construction of a second dam 30 km upstream from Bumbuna, at Yiben. The site is located at the base of the Sula Mountains and it is characterized by a forest savanna mosaic. In addition to the Western chimpanzee, the area hosts other endangered species, including pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), and black-and-white colobus monkeys (Ganas-Sawaray et al. 2018).

Situated in the central part of the country, the site contains Sierra Leone’s [https://www.voanews.com/africa/sierra-leones-hydro-power-dam-lighting-freetown first hydroelectric dam], supplied by the Seli river (Thompson 2010). The [https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/projects/bumbuna-hydroelectric-power-plant/ power plant] has been in operation since 2009, and current plans of the project involve the construction of a second dam 30 km upstream from Bumbuna, at Yiben. The site is located at the base of the Sula Mountains and it is characterized by a forest savanna mosaic. In addition to the Western chimpanzee, the area hosts other endangered species, including pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), and black-and-white colobus monkeys (Ganas-Sawaray et al. 2018).

 

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

'''Table 1: Basic site information for Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|-

|-

|Coordinates

|Coordinates

|9.07 N, 11.72 W

|9.07, -11.72

|-

|-

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Subtropical/Tropical Swamp Forest, Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest, Savanna, Water Storage Areas

|Subtropical/Tropical Swamp Forest, Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest, Savanna, Water Storage Areas

|}

|}

[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Local communities have reported that the chimpanzee population is decreasing in the area (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Furthermore, surveys conducted between 2006 and 2018 indicate a population decline in the Bumbuna Conservation Area (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Based on survey data collected in 2017-2018, it was predicted that the entire catchment area hosts approximately 388 chimpanzees (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). The 2017-2018 survey was complemented by recce surveys, camera trapping, and genetic analysis (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018).

Local communities have reported that the chimpanzee population is decreasing in the area (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Furthermore, surveys conducted between 2006 and 2018 indicate a population decline in the Bumbuna Conservation Area (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Based on survey data collected in 2017-2018, it was predicted that the entire catchment area hosts approximately 388 chimpanzees (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). The 2017-2018 survey was complemented by recce surveys, camera trapping, and genetic analysis (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018).

 

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

! Species

! Species

! Year

! Year

! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate (per km²)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

! Area

The Bumbuna hydroelectric project represents a major threat to the chimpanzee population in the area. The planned flooding of the inundation area will completely, or almost completely, reduce the home ranges of three chimpanzee groups, and four other groups ranging close the boundaries of the inundation area are also likely to be adversely affected (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). The hydroelectric project also indirectly impacts chimpanzees. The displacement of some chimpanzee groups into the home ranges of other groups may lead to fatalities, due to the territorial nature of chimpanzees (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Displaced chimpanzees may also come into conflict with humans due to competition for the same resources (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Thus, in combination with the current rates of habitat loss and hunting, the development of the project puts an immense pressure on the chimpanzee population (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018; Nippon Koei 2005).

The Bumbuna hydroelectric project represents a major threat to the chimpanzee population in the area. The planned flooding of the inundation area will completely, or almost completely, reduce the home ranges of three chimpanzee groups, and four other groups ranging close the boundaries of the inundation area are also likely to be adversely affected (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). The hydroelectric project also indirectly impacts chimpanzees. The displacement of some chimpanzee groups into the home ranges of other groups may lead to fatalities, due to the territorial nature of chimpanzees (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Displaced chimpanzees may also come into conflict with humans due to competition for the same resources (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018). Thus, in combination with the current rates of habitat loss and hunting, the development of the project puts an immense pressure on the chimpanzee population (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018; Nippon Koei 2005).

 

'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

However, the BCA was deemed insufficient to compensate for the adverse environmental impacts, and as an additional offset, the Loma Mountain Non-Hunting Forest Reserve was upgraded to national park, which is now called the [https://www.protectedplanet.net/loma-mountains-national-park Loma Mountains National Park] (MoEWR 2010). Furthermore, there is a lack of conservation activities in the area (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018).

However, the BCA was deemed insufficient to compensate for the adverse environmental impacts, and as an additional offset, the Loma Mountain Non-Hunting Forest Reserve was upgraded to national park, which is now called the [https://www.protectedplanet.net/loma-mountains-national-park Loma Mountains National Park] (MoEWR 2010). Furthermore, there is a lack of conservation activities in the area (Ganas-Swaray et al. 2018).

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

No information on research activities has been documented.

No information on research activities has been documented.

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

 

'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Bumbuna Dam Catchment Area'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

= References =

= References =