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     rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_SLE_OutambaKilimiNP.png | 400px | thumb| right |Outamba-Kilimi National Park (Sierra Leone) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]

 

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[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Outamba-Kilimi National Park]]

[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Outamba-Kilimi National Park]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Outamba-Kilimi National Park.

* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Outamba-Kilimi National Park.

* It has been estimated that 1,020 (CI: 658-1,596) individuals occur in the site.  

* It has been estimated that 1,020 (CI: 658-1,596) individuals occur in the site.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.

* Key threats to chimpanzees is habitat destruction caused by intentional burning for agricultural activities and hunting, and mining.

* Key threats to chimpanzees is habitat destruction caused by intentional burning for agricultural activities and hunting, and mining.

* Conservation activities at the site mainly focus on providing sustainable livelihoods, but the progress and status of these projects are unknown.

* Conservation activities at the site mainly focus on providing sustainable livelihoods, but the progress and status of these projects are unknown.

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

Situated in the north of Sierra Leone, Outamba-Kilimi National Park is divided into two blocks: Outamba (741 km²) and Kilimi (368 km²) (BirdLife International 2019). In the 1980s, with support from the IUCN and WWF, Geza Teleki, a primatologist and conservationist, was a driving force behind the establishment of Outamba-Kilimi National Park, which was finally declared as such in 1995 (Brncic et al. 2010, Munro 2015). In addition to the western chimpanzee, the site is home to forest elephants (''Loxodonta cyclotis''), Western red colobus monkeys (''Piliocolobus badius''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), leopards (''Panthera pardus''), and forest buffalos (Brncic et al. 2010). With at least 256 bird species, the site is also an Important Bird Area ([http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/outamba-kilimi-national-park-iba-sierra-leone BirdLife International 2019]).

Situated in the north of Sierra Leone, Outamba-Kilimi National Park is divided into two blocks: Outamba (741 km²) and Kilimi (368 km²) (BirdLife International 2019). In the 1980s, with support from the IUCN and WWF, Geza Teleki, a primatologist and conservationist, was a driving force behind the establishment of Outamba-Kilimi National Park, which was finally declared as such in 1995 (Brncic et al. 2010, Munro 2015). In addition to the western chimpanzee, the site is home to forest elephants (''Loxodonta cyclotis''), Western red colobus monkeys (''Piliocolobus badius''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), leopards (''Panthera pardus''), and forest buffalos (Brncic et al. 2010). With at least 256 bird species, the site is also an Important Bird Area ([http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/outamba-kilimi-national-park-iba-sierra-leone BirdLife International 2019]).

 

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

'''Table 1: Basic site information for Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

| Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

| Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|-

|-

| Coordinates

| Coordinates

|9.73 N, 12.07 W

|9.73, -12.07

|-

|-

| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

| Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, subtropical/tropical lowland forest, moist savanna  

|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, subtropical/tropical lowland forest, moist savanna  

|}

|}

[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

The population size was estimated at 1,020 chimpanzees during a nationwide survey in 2010 (Brncic et al. 2010). Due to a lack of survey data, the population trend is unknown. Chimpanzee densities are higher in Outamba than in Kilimi (Brncic et al. 2010).

The population size was estimated at 1,020 chimpanzees during a nationwide survey in 2010 (Brncic et al. 2010). Due to a lack of survey data, the population trend is unknown. Chimpanzee densities are higher in Outamba than in Kilimi (Brncic et al. 2010).

 

'''Table 2. Great ape population estimates in Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

! Species

! Species

! Year

! Year

! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate (per km²)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

! Area

Nowadays, the biggest threat to chimpanzees is habitat destruction caused by illegal mining and the intentional burning of areas. Hunting signs are present in both Outamba and Kilimi, indicating that poaching is an ongoing threat (Brncic et al. 2010). Villages are found within the park, especially throughout the Kilimi section of the park, where cattle grazing, farming, and timber extraction also occur (Brncic et al. 2010). In the Outamba section, larger areas seem to be unaffected by humans than in Kilimi (Brncic et al. 2010).

Nowadays, the biggest threat to chimpanzees is habitat destruction caused by illegal mining and the intentional burning of areas. Hunting signs are present in both Outamba and Kilimi, indicating that poaching is an ongoing threat (Brncic et al. 2010). Villages are found within the park, especially throughout the Kilimi section of the park, where cattle grazing, farming, and timber extraction also occur (Brncic et al. 2010). In the Outamba section, larger areas seem to be unaffected by humans than in Kilimi (Brncic et al. 2010).

 

'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

|-

|-

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2.1. Annual & Perennial Non-Timber Crops

|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops

|Low

|Low

|

|

|-

|-

|

|

|5.4. Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources

|5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources

|Medium

|Medium

|

|

Park guards funded by the government are stationed around the park to monitor and deter poaching and illegal mining. The site is a priority zone for the [https://rmportal.net/projects/archive/steward-program STEWARD program], which is a forest conservation and sustainable livelihoods program supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Forest Service / International Programs (USFS/IP) (WCF 2015). The https://panverus.org/about/ Pan Verus Project] also aims to address the needs of local communities and find ways to provide sustainable agriculture practices and alternative livelihoods, for example, through tourism.

Park guards funded by the government are stationed around the park to monitor and deter poaching and illegal mining. The site is a priority zone for the [https://rmportal.net/projects/archive/steward-program STEWARD program], which is a forest conservation and sustainable livelihoods program supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Forest Service / International Programs (USFS/IP) (WCF 2015). The https://panverus.org/about/ Pan Verus Project] also aims to address the needs of local communities and find ways to provide sustainable agriculture practices and alternative livelihoods, for example, through tourism.

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Outamba-Kilimi National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

|}

|}

= References =

= References =