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Line 309: − ===Relevant datasets=== − [http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal] − − <br>
no edit summary
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". [[File: Map_SLE_Tiwai_Sanctuary.png | 400px | thumb| right | Tiwai Island (Sierra Leone) © A.P.E.S. Wiki Team]]
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<!-- Please add information for this site -->
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Tiwai Island]]
[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Tiwai Island]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Tiwai Island.
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|7.54, -11.35~[[Tiwai Island]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Tiwai Island.
* The population size is unknown.
* The population size is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
[http://www.tiwaiisland.org/Site/ Tiwai island] is located in the Moa River, to the north of Gola Rainforest National Park’s western block. Tiwai Island was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1987 and it is managed by an administrative committee representing government, local communities, environmental organizations, and academic institutions (Klop et al. 2008). Over 700 plant species and 170 bird species have been identified on the island (Klop et al. 2008). The island has a remarkable concentration of primate species ([http://www.tiwaiisland.org/Site/wildlife/tiwai-biodiversity/ 11 in total]), and is also home to the endemic pygmy hippopotamus, and hundreds of bird species.
[http://www.tiwaiisland.org/Site/ Tiwai island] is located in the Moa River, to the north of Gola Rainforest National Park’s western block. Tiwai Island was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1987 and it is managed by an administrative committee representing government, local communities, environmental organizations, and academic institutions (Klop et al. 2008). Over 700 plant species and 170 bird species have been identified on the island (Klop et al. 2008). The island has a remarkable concentration of primate species ([http://www.tiwaiisland.org/Site/wildlife/tiwai-biodiversity/ 11 in total]), and is also home to the endemic pygmy hippopotamus, and hundreds of bird species.
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Tiwai Island'''
'''Table 1: Basic site information for Tiwai Island'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|-
|-
| Coordinates
| Coordinates
|7.54 N, 11.35 W
|7.54, -11.35
|-
|-
| Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
| Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp, permanent rivers/streams/creeks
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp, permanent rivers/streams/creeks
|}
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
The site was surveyed in 2009, but abundance estimates are not publicly available (Brncic et al. 2010).
The site was surveyed in 2009, but abundance estimates are not publicly available (Brncic et al. 2010).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Tiwai Island'''
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Tiwai Island'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Area
Farms were routinely established until 1982, when research activities started on the island, and the number of farm plots was limited (Fimbel 1994). Hunting intensity was also high on the island previous to the commencement of research activities (Oates 1999; Fimbel 1994). Research and conservation activities were disrupted during the years of civil war (Oates 1999) but resumed in 2004.
Farms were routinely established until 1982, when research activities started on the island, and the number of farm plots was limited (Fimbel 1994). Hunting intensity was also high on the island previous to the commencement of research activities (Oates 1999; Fimbel 1994). Research and conservation activities were disrupted during the years of civil war (Oates 1999) but resumed in 2004.
'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Tiwai Island'''
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Tiwai Island'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
Starting as a research site in the 1980s (Oates 1999), the island continues to rely on research and tourism as the key components of conservation efforts. Tiwai Island is Sierra Leone’s first [http://www.tiwaiisland.org/Site/ community conservation program]. Tourist facilities and a research center are present at the site.
Starting as a research site in the 1980s (Oates 1999), the island continues to rely on research and tourism as the key components of conservation efforts. Tiwai Island is Sierra Leone’s first [http://www.tiwaiisland.org/Site/ community conservation program]. Tourist facilities and a research center are present at the site.
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Tiwai Island'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Tiwai Island'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Tiwai Island'''
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Tiwai Island'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|-
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Tiwai Island'''
'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Tiwai Island'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
|}
|}
= References =
= References =