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[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Western Area Peninsula National Park]]

[[West Africa]] > [[Sierra Leone]] > [[Western Area Peninsula National Park]]

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

= Summary =  <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->

* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Western Area Peninsula National Park.  

* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Western Area Peninsula National Park.  

* It has been estimated that 55 (CI: 15-209) individuals occur at the site.  

* It has been estimated that 55 (CI: 15-209) individuals occur at the site.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.  

The Western Area Peninsula National Park (WAPNP) is located in the Freetown peninsula, west of Sierra Leone (BirdLife International 2019). The site covers a narrow chain of hills, reaching up to 900 m, and holds the western-most remnant of Upper Guinea forest ecosystem (Brncic et al. 2010). With 314 bird species, including five species of global conservation concern (e.g., white-necked rockfowl ''Picathartes gymnocephalus''), WAPNP was designated as an Important Bird Area ([http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/western-area-peninsula-non-hunting-forest-reserve-iba-sierra-leone IBA]) in 2001 (BirdLife International 2019). The site is also of high importance to the surrounding populations, as it protects the watershed of two dams, which supply water to Freetown and nearby settlements (Brncic et al. 2010; EPA 2017). In addition to the western chimpanzee, other vulnerable species inhabiting the area include Diana monkey (''Cercopithecus diana''), Jentink’s duiker (''Cephalopus jentinki''), and the endemic frog ''Cardioglossa aureole'' (BirdLife International 2019).

The Western Area Peninsula National Park (WAPNP) is located in the Freetown peninsula, west of Sierra Leone (BirdLife International 2019). The site covers a narrow chain of hills, reaching up to 900 m, and holds the western-most remnant of Upper Guinea forest ecosystem (Brncic et al. 2010). With 314 bird species, including five species of global conservation concern (e.g., white-necked rockfowl ''Picathartes gymnocephalus''), WAPNP was designated as an Important Bird Area ([http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/western-area-peninsula-non-hunting-forest-reserve-iba-sierra-leone IBA]) in 2001 (BirdLife International 2019). The site is also of high importance to the surrounding populations, as it protects the watershed of two dams, which supply water to Freetown and nearby settlements (Brncic et al. 2010; EPA 2017). In addition to the western chimpanzee, other vulnerable species inhabiting the area include Diana monkey (''Cercopithecus diana''), Jentink’s duiker (''Cephalopus jentinki''), and the endemic frog ''Cardioglossa aureole'' (BirdLife International 2019).

 

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

'''Table 1: Basic site information for Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|Area            <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha    -->

|-

|-

|Coordinates

|Coordinates

|8.32 N, 13.15 W

|8.32, -13.15

|-

|-

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Designation      <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->

|Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest

|Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest

|}

|}

[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories]  [[Site designations]]

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

Based on a line transect survey in 2010, there may be three chimpanzee communities in the area (Brncic et al. 2010). The size of the population was estimated at 55 individuals, which is the most recent population estimate currently available (Brncic et al. 2010).

Based on a line transect survey in 2010, there may be three chimpanzee communities in the area (Brncic et al. 2010). The size of the population was estimated at 55 individuals, which is the most recent population estimate currently available (Brncic et al. 2010).

 

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

! Species

! Species

! Year

! Year

! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate (per km²)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

! Area

The park is highly accessible to humans through trails (Brncic et al. 2010). Hunting is a key threat in the area, with several hunting camps and hunting signs present at the site (Brncic et al. 2010). In addition, multiple large-scale marijuana farms have been discovered in the park, as well as signs of logging and charcoal production (Brncic et al. 2010). Due to the urban expansion and close proximity to the capital, Freetown, WAPNP faces a lot of pressure, as the demands for fuelwood, farmland, and bushmeat continue to rise (Brncic et al. 2010, BirdLife International 2017). In 2017, following heavy rainfall, a mudslide in the area resulted in the deaths of hundreds of people; the mudslide has been linked to extensive deforestation and erosion of the soil (BirdLife International 2017).

The park is highly accessible to humans through trails (Brncic et al. 2010). Hunting is a key threat in the area, with several hunting camps and hunting signs present at the site (Brncic et al. 2010). In addition, multiple large-scale marijuana farms have been discovered in the park, as well as signs of logging and charcoal production (Brncic et al. 2010). Due to the urban expansion and close proximity to the capital, Freetown, WAPNP faces a lot of pressure, as the demands for fuelwood, farmland, and bushmeat continue to rise (Brncic et al. 2010, BirdLife International 2017). In 2017, following heavy rainfall, a mudslide in the area resulted in the deaths of hundreds of people; the mudslide has been linked to extensive deforestation and erosion of the soil (BirdLife International 2017).

 

'''Table 3. Threats to great apes in Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

In 1995, the [https://www.tacugama.com Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary] was established. The sanctuary rescues, rehabilitates and cares for orphaned chimpanzees. Since 2011, Tacugama works with rural communities as part of its Tacugama Community Outreach Programme to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, improve agricultural practices (seed distribution), promote alternative livelihoods (e.g., fruit tree planting, livestock farms, community woodlots), improve health and hygiene in rural communities to decrease the risk of disease transmission, and environmental education activities for rural communities and children to increase awareness of the need to protect chimpanzees (Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary 2020). Tacugama also runs an eco-lodge with the proceeds going to its conservation programmes (Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary 2020).

In 1995, the [https://www.tacugama.com Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary] was established. The sanctuary rescues, rehabilitates and cares for orphaned chimpanzees. Since 2011, Tacugama works with rural communities as part of its Tacugama Community Outreach Programme to promote the sustainable use of natural resources, improve agricultural practices (seed distribution), promote alternative livelihoods (e.g., fruit tree planting, livestock farms, community woodlots), improve health and hygiene in rural communities to decrease the risk of disease transmission, and environmental education activities for rural communities and children to increase awareness of the need to protect chimpanzees (Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary 2020). Tacugama also runs an eco-lodge with the proceeds going to its conservation programmes (Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary 2020).

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

!align="left"|Category  <!-- Do not change threat categories -->

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

= Challenges = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->

 

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"

!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

!Source  <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->

|-

|-

Since 2012, Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary is conducting chimpanzee monitoring programmes across Sierra Leone. The sanctuary is also implementing annual biodiversity surveys using camera traps in the Western Area Peninsula National Park (Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary 2020).

Since 2012, Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary is conducting chimpanzee monitoring programmes across Sierra Leone. The sanctuary is also implementing annual biodiversity surveys using camera traps in the Western Area Peninsula National Park (Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary 2020).

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->

 

'''Table 6. Great ape behaviors reported for Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

'''Table 6: Great ape behaviors reported for Western Area Peninsula National Park'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

!align="left"|Behavior  <!-- Do not change categories -->

= References =

= References =