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Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING Site INFORMATION - Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images - Text paragraphs and images a..."
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[[West Africa]] > [[Mali]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Mali.
* It is estimated that around 2,000 individuals occur in Mali.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This country has a total surface area of 1,200,000 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are subsistence farming and poaching.
* No conservation activities to protect chimpanzees were reported for Mali.
* Northern chimpanzee range limit is located in Mali; hottest and driest habitat in which western chimpanzees are known to exist (Kortlandt 1983)
= Country characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa, located southwest of Algeria. It lies between latitudes 10° and 25°N, and longitudes 13°W and 5°E. Mali borders Algeria to the north-northeast, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast to the south, Guinea to the southwest, and Senegal and Mauritania to the west. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,200,000 km2. Mali’s capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent and salt. In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, which is still continuing to date. The vast northern desert part of Mali has a hot desert climate with long, extremely hot summers and scarce rainfall which decreases northwards. The central area has a hot semi-arid climate with very high temperatures year-round, a long, intense dry season and a brief, irregular rainy season. The southern areas have a tropical wet and dry climate. The hot, dry season lasts from March to May. June to October is rainy, humid and mild. November to February is the cool, dry season ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali#Bibliography Wikipedia]). Chimpanzees are known to occur in south-western Mali, mainly west (but also east) of the Bafing river.
'''Table 1: Basic country information for Mali'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|1,200,000 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|13.09 N, -10.53 W
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Not applicable
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Inland Rocky Areas, Subtropical/Tropical Dry Lowland Grassland, Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest, Plantations, Rural gardens, Urban areas, Subtropical/Tropical heavily degraded former forest, Desert
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Mali'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2003
|1,555-5,249
|0.08-0.27
|
|Chimpanzee range in Mali estimated at 19,440 km²
|Informed guess
|Kormos et al. 2003
|Estimate based on surveys of Moore (1985) and Pavy (1993)
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2015
|2029 (322–9228)
|
|
|Chimpanzee range in Mali
|Model estimate
|Heinicke et al. 2019
|Based on density distribution predicted for geographic range of western chimpanzees using models and transect survey data
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The main threats to chimpanzees in Mali are hunting and agricultural expansion (Kormos et al. 2003). However, the construction of new roads and human settlements, as well as the increase in mining activities, with gold, uranium, phosphates, kaolinite, salt and limestone being most widely exploited, constitute significant threats to chimpanzees in this country. Gold is mined in the southern region and Mali now has the third highest gold production in Africa (after South Africa and Ghana). Natural system modifications in the form of damming rivers represent another threat to chimpanzees in this country. Large portions of chimpanzee habitat have already been flooded with water in the past (Moore 1985, Kormos et al. 2003). Mali has made efficient use of hydroelectricity, consisting of over half of Mali's electrical power ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali#Bibliography Wikipedia]).
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
No conservation interventions have been reported for Mali.
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
No information on impediments has been documented.
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Mali'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
None documented.
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
<br>
= References =
Heinicke et al. 2019. Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. – the case of a taxon-specific database. Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1379<br>
Kormos R, Boesch C, Bakarr M I, Butynski T. (eds.). 2003. West African Chimpanzees. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Switzerland and UK.<br>
Kortlandt A 1983. Marginal habitats of chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution: 12 231–278.<br>
Moore J J. 1985. Chimpanzee survey in Mali, West Africa. Primate Conservation 6: 59–63.<br>
Wikipedia 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali#Bibliography, accessed 18. November 2019.<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 18/11/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>
- Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",
rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".
-->
<!-- Please add information for this site -->
[[West Africa]] > [[Mali]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Mali.
* It is estimated that around 2,000 individuals occur in Mali.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* This country has a total surface area of 1,200,000 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are subsistence farming and poaching.
* No conservation activities to protect chimpanzees were reported for Mali.
* Northern chimpanzee range limit is located in Mali; hottest and driest habitat in which western chimpanzees are known to exist (Kortlandt 1983)
= Country characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Mali is a landlocked country in West Africa, located southwest of Algeria. It lies between latitudes 10° and 25°N, and longitudes 13°W and 5°E. Mali borders Algeria to the north-northeast, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast to the south, Guinea to the southwest, and Senegal and Mauritania to the west. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,200,000 km2. Mali’s capital is Bamako. The sovereign state of Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and mining. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent and salt. In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, which is still continuing to date. The vast northern desert part of Mali has a hot desert climate with long, extremely hot summers and scarce rainfall which decreases northwards. The central area has a hot semi-arid climate with very high temperatures year-round, a long, intense dry season and a brief, irregular rainy season. The southern areas have a tropical wet and dry climate. The hot, dry season lasts from March to May. June to October is rainy, humid and mild. November to February is the cool, dry season ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali#Bibliography Wikipedia]). Chimpanzees are known to occur in south-western Mali, mainly west (but also east) of the Bafing river.
'''Table 1: Basic country information for Mali'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
|Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|1,200,000 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|13.09 N, -10.53 W
|-
|Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Not applicable
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Inland Rocky Areas, Subtropical/Tropical Dry Lowland Grassland, Subtropical/Tropical Dry Forest, Plantations, Rural gardens, Urban areas, Subtropical/Tropical heavily degraded former forest, Desert
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
<br>
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Mali'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2003
|1,555-5,249
|0.08-0.27
|
|Chimpanzee range in Mali estimated at 19,440 km²
|Informed guess
|Kormos et al. 2003
|Estimate based on surveys of Moore (1985) and Pavy (1993)
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2015
|2029 (322–9228)
|
|
|Chimpanzee range in Mali
|Model estimate
|Heinicke et al. 2019
|Based on density distribution predicted for geographic range of western chimpanzees using models and transect survey data
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The main threats to chimpanzees in Mali are hunting and agricultural expansion (Kormos et al. 2003). However, the construction of new roads and human settlements, as well as the increase in mining activities, with gold, uranium, phosphates, kaolinite, salt and limestone being most widely exploited, constitute significant threats to chimpanzees in this country. Gold is mined in the southern region and Mali now has the third highest gold production in Africa (after South Africa and Ghana). Natural system modifications in the form of damming rivers represent another threat to chimpanzees in this country. Large portions of chimpanzee habitat have already been flooded with water in the past (Moore 1985, Kormos et al. 2003). Mali has made efficient use of hydroelectricity, consisting of over half of Mali's electrical power ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali#Bibliography Wikipedia]).
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
No conservation interventions have been reported for Mali.
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
No information on impediments has been documented.
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Mali'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
None documented.
===Relevant datasets===
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
<br>
= References =
Heinicke et al. 2019. Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. – the case of a taxon-specific database. Environmental Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab1379<br>
Kormos R, Boesch C, Bakarr M I, Butynski T. (eds.). 2003. West African Chimpanzees. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group. IUCN, Switzerland and UK.<br>
Kortlandt A 1983. Marginal habitats of chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution: 12 231–278.<br>
Moore J J. 1985. Chimpanzee survey in Mali, West Africa. Primate Conservation 6: 59–63.<br>
Wikipedia 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali#Bibliography, accessed 18. November 2019.<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 18/11/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
<br><br>