1,347
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone (view source)
Revision as of 08:33, 27 January 2023
, 08:33, 27 January 2023Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[ Côte d'Ivoire]] > [[Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|~[[Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone
* It has been estimated that 36 (CI: 13-97) individuals occur in the site.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 988 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are forest clearing and uncontrolled fires that affect savannahs and some less dense gallery forests; poaching.
* Conservation activities are patrols and the employment of former hunters.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone was proposed in 2017 to partially replace the former community reserve GEPRENAF of Mont Tingui, covering an important hilly area, rich in biodiversity, contiguous to Comoé National Park. There are several chimpanzee communities using mainly the long stretches of gallery forest among hilly savanna, which are also used by forest elephants (''Loxodonta cyclotis'') coming out of Comoé National Park. There are also other important species, such as white naped mangabey (''Cercocebus lunulatus'') leopards, white and black bellied pangolins, bongo and many others.
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|988 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|
|-
|Designation
|Proposed community reserve
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Savanna - Moist, Savanna - Dry
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
This area contains one of the region's remnant chimpanzee populations that have had to learn to migrate due to deforestation and human encroachment. Indeed, cases of seasonal movements of several groups between the Comoé National Park and the site have been noted by the local populations and the managers of the site.
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|
|
|
|
|Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone
|
|
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The area is under a high human pressure from artisanal gold miners, poachers, cattle herders and farmers, which is posing an increasing threat to the remaining chimpanzees.
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.3. Livestock farming and ranching
|Medium
|
|Pasture development in the biodiversity zone (ZDB), with isolated settlements.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Medium
|
|Gradual increase in clandestine gold panning activities in the south-east (Wendéné area) and north-west (Gorowi area).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Threat is present, but severity is unknown
|
|Uncontrolled removals of medicinal plants and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as well as the lack of data on these removals.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Conservation activities include the Project for the Participatory Management of Natural Resources and Fauna (GEPRENAF). During the period from 1996 to 2002, the project initiated a new approach to the conservation of biodiversity by encouraging people to use community management of natural resources through the sustainable exploitation of these resources through the creation of Biodiversity Management Zones (ZDB). Through training and support activities for AGEREF, the project has contributed to creating the conditions necessary for the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. During the years 2014, 2017 and 2021, the Ivorian Office of Parks and Reserves, manager of the Comoé National Park, supported the ZBD by carrying out an aerial inventory of the large mammalian fauna.
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Carrying out occasional patrols by members of AGEREF.
|2002-2018
|-
|
|5.18. Employ hunters in the conservation sector to reduce their impact
|Since 2012, the Ivorian Office of Parks and Reserves has employed former local hunters on the site for ecological monitoring activities and development work in the neighbouring Comoé National Park.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
The major concern lies in the fact that the Monts Tingui ZBD does not have any legislative or regulatory text which confers a protected status on it. This situation results in problems both at the level of management and governance. At the level of governance, some villages, notably those of Gorowi and Amaradougou, are expressing their desire to withdraw from the initiative. As a result, these localities no longer participate in AGEREF activities. As a result of these governance problems, the parties who had made their land available claim the management of the site according to their own rules. At the management level, the main concern is the absence of a site development plan with and a virtual absence of management activities. Thus, it should be noted (i) the non-materialization of the limits coupled with a dispute over certain sections of these limits, (ii) the weakness of the operational system with a lack of management tools (strategy and monitoring plans, ecological monitoring , etc.), a significant lack of personnel, materials, infrastructure, skills and budget, (iii) the absence of management zoning in line with the objectives of the site. This state of the management system does not provide up-to-date knowledge of the site's resources (fauna, flora and ecosystems) and has adverse repercussions on the site's resources. Besides, the data available on the flora date from 1997-1998 and those on the fauna from the year 2002. Also, various pressures are recorded on the biodiversity of the site: - a gradual increase in clandestine gold panning activities in the south-east (zone Wendéné) and to the northwest (Gorowi area); - development of grazing in the biodiversity zone (ZDB), with isolated installations; - uncontrolled harvesting of medicinal plants and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as well as the absence of data on these harvestings; - the absence of documentation on human-wildlife conflicts existing in the area. In this context, there is very little interest in identifying and adopting adaptation/mitigation measures in the face of the possible effects of climate change.
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of capacity/training
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of government support
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of law enforcement
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of human resources
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of logistical means
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of trust and support from local communities
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
<br>
'''Page completed by: ''' Kouamé n'dri Pascal, Toulo Alain & Juan Lapuente''' Date:''' 27/01/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[West Africa]] > [[ Côte d'Ivoire]] > [[Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|~[[Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone]]~Western Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone
* It has been estimated that 36 (CI: 13-97) individuals occur in the site.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 988 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are forest clearing and uncontrolled fires that affect savannahs and some less dense gallery forests; poaching.
* Conservation activities are patrols and the employment of former hunters.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone was proposed in 2017 to partially replace the former community reserve GEPRENAF of Mont Tingui, covering an important hilly area, rich in biodiversity, contiguous to Comoé National Park. There are several chimpanzee communities using mainly the long stretches of gallery forest among hilly savanna, which are also used by forest elephants (''Loxodonta cyclotis'') coming out of Comoé National Park. There are also other important species, such as white naped mangabey (''Cercocebus lunulatus'') leopards, white and black bellied pangolins, bongo and many others.
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|988 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|
|-
|Designation
|Proposed community reserve
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Savanna - Moist, Savanna - Dry
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
This area contains one of the region's remnant chimpanzee populations that have had to learn to migrate due to deforestation and human encroachment. Indeed, cases of seasonal movements of several groups between the Comoé National Park and the site have been noted by the local populations and the managers of the site.
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|
|
|
|
|Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone
|
|
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The area is under a high human pressure from artisanal gold miners, poachers, cattle herders and farmers, which is posing an increasing threat to the remaining chimpanzees.
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.3. Livestock farming and ranching
|Medium
|
|Pasture development in the biodiversity zone (ZDB), with isolated settlements.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Medium
|
|Gradual increase in clandestine gold panning activities in the south-east (Wendéné area) and north-west (Gorowi area).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Threat is present, but severity is unknown
|
|Uncontrolled removals of medicinal plants and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as well as the lack of data on these removals.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Conservation activities include the Project for the Participatory Management of Natural Resources and Fauna (GEPRENAF). During the period from 1996 to 2002, the project initiated a new approach to the conservation of biodiversity by encouraging people to use community management of natural resources through the sustainable exploitation of these resources through the creation of Biodiversity Management Zones (ZDB). Through training and support activities for AGEREF, the project has contributed to creating the conditions necessary for the sustainable exploitation of natural resources. During the years 2014, 2017 and 2021, the Ivorian Office of Parks and Reserves, manager of the Comoé National Park, supported the ZBD by carrying out an aerial inventory of the large mammalian fauna.
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Carrying out occasional patrols by members of AGEREF.
|2002-2018
|-
|
|5.18. Employ hunters in the conservation sector to reduce their impact
|Since 2012, the Ivorian Office of Parks and Reserves has employed former local hunters on the site for ecological monitoring activities and development work in the neighbouring Comoé National Park.
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
The major concern lies in the fact that the Monts Tingui ZBD does not have any legislative or regulatory text which confers a protected status on it. This situation results in problems both at the level of management and governance. At the level of governance, some villages, notably those of Gorowi and Amaradougou, are expressing their desire to withdraw from the initiative. As a result, these localities no longer participate in AGEREF activities. As a result of these governance problems, the parties who had made their land available claim the management of the site according to their own rules. At the management level, the main concern is the absence of a site development plan with and a virtual absence of management activities. Thus, it should be noted (i) the non-materialization of the limits coupled with a dispute over certain sections of these limits, (ii) the weakness of the operational system with a lack of management tools (strategy and monitoring plans, ecological monitoring , etc.), a significant lack of personnel, materials, infrastructure, skills and budget, (iii) the absence of management zoning in line with the objectives of the site. This state of the management system does not provide up-to-date knowledge of the site's resources (fauna, flora and ecosystems) and has adverse repercussions on the site's resources. Besides, the data available on the flora date from 1997-1998 and those on the fauna from the year 2002. Also, various pressures are recorded on the biodiversity of the site: - a gradual increase in clandestine gold panning activities in the south-east (zone Wendéné) and to the northwest (Gorowi area); - development of grazing in the biodiversity zone (ZDB), with isolated installations; - uncontrolled harvesting of medicinal plants and non-timber forest products (NTFPs) as well as the absence of data on these harvestings; - the absence of documentation on human-wildlife conflicts existing in the area. In this context, there is very little interest in identifying and adopting adaptation/mitigation measures in the face of the possible effects of climate change.
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of capacity/training
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of government support
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of law enforcement
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of human resources
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of logistical means
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|-
|Lack of trust and support from local communities
|Site management effectiveness evaluation report with IMETT tool
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Mont Tingui Special Biodiversity Zone'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
= References =
<br>
'''Page completed by: ''' Kouamé n'dri Pascal, Toulo Alain & Juan Lapuente''' Date:''' 27/01/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->