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Line 1: − + − + − + − + − - Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images+ − + − + − − − − to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining", − rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". + − [[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − = Site characteristics = + − This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site.+ − + − − − + − + − + − + − + − |+ − + − + − + − <br> − − − − = Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> + + − This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).+ − − − − − + − + − + Line 72:
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Line 73: + − This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.+ − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 107:
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Line 178: + − + − = Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities --> − − − This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below. − − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 270:
Line 255: + − = Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->+ − + − + − Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.+ − − − − − − − + − + − − − − − Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site. − − + − + − + − + − + − − [http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal] − − <br> − − + − + − − <i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i> − <br><br>
Pu Hoat Nature Reserve (view source)
Revision as of 13:28, 12 February 2023
, 13:28, 12 February 2023no edit summary
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
-->
-->
[[Asia]] > [[Vietnam]] > [[Pu Hoat Nature Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|19.880413, 104.930435~[[Pu Hoat Nature Reserve]]~Eastern Black Gibbons
* Ape taxa present
}}
* Ape population size
</div>
* Ape population trend
* Northern White-cheeked Gibbons (''Nomascus leucogenys'') are present in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve.
* This site has a total size of XX km².
* The population size is unknown; the estimated number of groups varied from 5 to 8 groups in 2009-2010.
* Key threats to apes are ...
* The population trend is unknown.
* Additional information
* The site has a total size of 75 km².
* Key threats to gibbons are hunting, illegal pet trade, illegal logging, and habitat encroachment.
* Conservation activities have focused on improving management of the site and capacity-building for rangers.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Pu Hoat Nature Reserve is located in the northwestern part of Vietnam’s Nghe An province. The reserve was established in 2013. The site is rich in biodiversity, providing habitats for a broad and diverse range of plants and animals, including northern white-cheeked gibbons ([https://snv.org/assets/explore/download/vfd_sl_success_story_pu_hoat.pdf USAID]).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve'''
'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|
|75 km²
|-
|-
| Coordinates
|Coordinates
|
|19.880413, 104.930435
|-
|-
| Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Designation
|Nature Reserve
|-
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|}
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
The first gibbon survey was conducted in 2002. In 2009 and 2010, five gibbon groups were recorded and the possible occurrence of 2-3 others was identified. At least four groups were recorded in 2007, at least three groups in 2003 and five groups in 2002. Most survey effort has focused on the northern part of the area, which is contiguous with Xuan Lien Nature Reserve and holds most gibbons. The southern and central parts of the reserve contain few gibbons and with little chance of long-term survival (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve'''
'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Total number groups (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
! Area
! Area
! Method
! Method
! A.P.E.S. database ID
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
|''Nomascus leucogenys''
|
|
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| Pu Hoat Nature Reserve
|
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|
|
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Hunting is the main threat to N. leucogenys in this site. Hunters with guns and dogs, and trap lines are frequently observed. Gibbon hunting has been prevalent since at least the 1990s, when juvenile gibbons from the reserve were sold for the pet trade. Over the past decade, at least five gibbons have been sourced from the reserve: two stuffed gibbons for sale in 2009, a live male gibbon for sale for VND 400,000 in 2010, a captive female for sale for VND 1.5 million and a reported juvenile which died in captivity in 2005 (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve'''
'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Unknown
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|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
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|Agricultural encroachment (Rawson et al. 2011).
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|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
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|Unknown
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|Unknown
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|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|High
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|Hunting and trapping for pet trade (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
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|Widespread illegal logging (Rawson et al. 2011).
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|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Unknown
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|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
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|Unknown
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|Unknown
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|9. Pollution
|9. Pollution
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|Unknown
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|10. Geological Events
|10. Geological Events
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|Absent
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|-
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|11. Climate change & severe weather
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
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|Unknown
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|12. Other options
|12. Other options
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|Absent
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Pu Hoat Nature Reserve'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Not reported
|
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|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
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|Not reported
|
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|-
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
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|Not reported
|
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|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|
|5.11. Provide training to anti-poaching ranger patrols
|
|25 forest rangers received formal and on-the-job training on a broad range of topics including biodiversity conservation, protected area management, engaging communities, interview methods, participatory mapping, flagship species and threat monitoring, and forest fire control ([https://snv.org/assets/explore/download/vfd_sl_success_story_pu_hoat.pdf USAID]).
|
|Unknown
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|9. Pollution
|9. Pollution
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|Not reported
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|10. Education & Awareness
|10. Education & Awareness
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11. Habitat Protection
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|12. Species Management
|12. Species Management
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|Not reported
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|-
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
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|Not reported
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|
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|-
|
|Lack of law enforcement
|
|Rawson et al. 2011
|-
|-
|}
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Pu Hoat Nature Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
!Source
|-
|-
|
|Not reported
|
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|-
|-
|}
|}
=External links=
===Relevant datasets===
= References =
= References =
Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam <br>
<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX ''' Date:''' DD/MM/YY <br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 10/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->