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Line 348: − Achille, D.S., Vogel, J., Diana, D.K., Massini, J.M., Edouard, D.N., Minahilo, R.G., Esube, R.L., Lugala, D.K., Antonínová, M., Jérôme, A. and Laudisoit, A. (2022). A decade of silent chimpanzee monitoring in the Garamba Complex, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abstracts of the conference of the European Federation for Primatology (EFP), 1-3 June 2022, Royal Burgers’ Zoo, Arnhem, The Netherlands.<br>+
Garamba National Park Complex (view source)
Revision as of 05:15, 23 February 2023
, 05:15, 23 February 2023no edit summary
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
In 2008 a monitoring programme was set up to identify the distribution of chimpanzees (Africa Parks 2012). The monitoring involved chimpanzee tracking on foot (more than 3000 km have been covered), recording calls and counting nests. In 2011 a camera trap in the Mondo-Missa region recorded a chimpanzee ([https://www.africanparks.org/newsroom/press-releases/first-chimpanzee-caught-on-camera-trap Africa Parks 2012]). In 2021 and 2022 camera traps were deployed in Mondo-Missa and Azande hunting areas. Chimpanzee presence was confirmed again in Azande for the first time since 1994. The camera trap survey also led to the re-discovery of Oustalet’s red colobus (''Piliocolobus oustaleti'') in Azande (Laudisoit 2022). Furthermore, the presence of the golden cat, giant pangolin, leopard, yellow-backed duiker, aardvark and bongo were recorded in Mondo-Missa, and the Koreri forest fragment just outside the GNPC was found to hold a high density of chimpanzees, although given its small size, the fragment might be home to 6 or 7 individuals only (Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
In 2008 a monitoring programme was set up to identify the distribution of chimpanzees (Africa Parks 2012). The monitoring involved chimpanzee tracking on foot (more than 3000 km have been covered), recording calls and counting nests. In 2011 a camera trap in the Mondo-Missa region recorded a chimpanzee ([https://www.africanparks.org/newsroom/press-releases/first-chimpanzee-caught-on-camera-trap Africa Parks 2012]). In 2021 and 2022 camera traps were deployed in Mondo-Missa and Azande hunting areas. Chimpanzee presence was confirmed again in Azande for the first time since 1994. The camera trap survey also led to the re-discovery of Oustalet’s red colobus (''Piliocolobus oustaleti'') in Azande (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022). Furthermore, the presence of the golden cat, giant pangolin, leopard, yellow-backed duiker, aardvark and bongo were recorded in Mondo-Missa, and the Koreri forest fragment just outside the GNPC was found to hold a high density of chimpanzees, although given its small size, the fragment might be home to 6 or 7 individuals only (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Garamba National Park Complex'''
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Garamba National Park Complex'''
|Azande
|Azande
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|
|
|
|
|Gbere, Mondo-Missa
|Gbere, Mondo-Missa
|Line transects (Distance) and Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Line transects (Distance) and Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|152 chimpanzee nests were recorded along one 1.4 km transect; 5 individuals were identified
|152 chimpanzee nests were recorded along one 1.4 km transect; 5 individuals were identified
|
|
|Buru, Mondo-Missa
|Buru, Mondo-Missa
|Line transects (Distance) and Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Line transects (Distance) and Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|54 nests were recorded along 1.8 km transect and 7.28 km recce; 11 individuals were identified
|54 nests were recorded along 1.8 km transect and 7.28 km recce; 11 individuals were identified
|
|
|Kurukwata-Planteki fragment (1km2)
|Kurukwata-Planteki fragment (1km2)
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|5.9km recce walked. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC
|5.9km recce walked. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC
|
|
|Kurukwata-Koreri fragment (0.7km2)
|Kurukwata-Koreri fragment (0.7km2)
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|42 chimpanzee nests were recorded along our 7.9 km recce (N=2) of which 5 flimsy ground nests. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC
|42 chimpanzee nests were recorded along our 7.9 km recce (N=2) of which 5 flimsy ground nests. The forest fragment is outside of the GNPC
|
|
|High
|High
|
|
|Slash-and-burn agriculture and habitat conversion in Buru and in the Kurukwata-Planteki forest fragment (Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
|Slash-and-burn agriculture and habitat conversion in Buru and in the Kurukwata-Planteki forest fragment (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|-
|High
|High
|
|
|Small scale gold mining in Mondo-Missa. A total of 18 mine pits were recorded and collateral damage to the forest is visible with logged trees and slash-and-burnt areas to the west of the gallery forest (Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
|Small scale gold mining in Mondo-Missa. A total of 18 mine pits were recorded and collateral damage to the forest is visible with logged trees and slash-and-burnt areas to the west of the gallery forest (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|-
|High
|High
|
|
|In Buru and Kurukwata-Planteki, logging, slash-and-burn practice and habitat conversion is the main threat (Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
|In Buru and Kurukwata-Planteki, logging, slash-and-burn practice and habitat conversion is the main threat (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|-
In the early 1950s a wealth of taxonomic information was gathered in an expedition, which was made available in a series of publications. In the early 1970s, the FAO gathered information on the rhinoceros and flew an aerial census of large mammal species. Since 1984, as part of a rehabilitation project, the rhino population has been investigated and monitored; general ecosystem monitoring was carried out, including aerial counts, vegetation description and habitat mapping. An experimental burning programme was also tested (UNESCO 2021).
In the early 1950s a wealth of taxonomic information was gathered in an expedition, which was made available in a series of publications. In the early 1970s, the FAO gathered information on the rhinoceros and flew an aerial census of large mammal species. Since 1984, as part of a rehabilitation project, the rhino population has been investigated and monitored; general ecosystem monitoring was carried out, including aerial counts, vegetation description and habitat mapping. An experimental burning programme was also tested (UNESCO 2021).
In 2022, a survey team documented the presence of Oustalet’s Red Colobus in the Azande hunting area. While ''P. oustaleti'' is probably the most abundant of the 18 red colobus taxa documented to date, they were considered vulnerable during the last CITES assessment, mostly due to habitat degradation and loss. The GNPC and Azande DC in particular thus represent strongholds for the species away from anthropogenic landscapes (Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
In 2022, a survey team documented the presence of Oustalet’s Red Colobus in the Azande hunting area. While ''P. oustaleti'' is probably the most abundant of the 18 red colobus taxa documented to date, they were considered vulnerable during the last CITES assessment, mostly due to habitat degradation and loss. The GNPC and Azande DC in particular thus represent strongholds for the species away from anthropogenic landscapes (Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
|-
|-
|Ground nesting
|Ground nesting
|Achille et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|Diodio et al. 2022, Laudisoit 2022
|-
|-
|}
|}
= References =
= References =
Diodio, A.S., Vogel, J., Diana, D.K., Massini, J.M., Edouard, D.N., Minahilo, R.G., Esube, R.L., Lugala, D.K., Antonínová, M., Jérôme, A. and Laudisoit, A. (2022). A decade of silent chimpanzee monitoring in the Garamba Complex, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abstracts of the conference of the European Federation for Primatology (EFP), 1-3 June 2022, Royal Burgers’ Zoo, Arnhem, The Netherlands.<br>
Laudisoit A. (2022). Chimpanzee monitoring within the Garamba NP Complex. Internal Report. Year 2021-2022. 26p. Delivered to African Parks Network.<br>
Laudisoit A. (2022). Chimpanzee monitoring within the Garamba NP Complex. Internal Report. Year 2021-2022. 26p. Delivered to African Parks Network.<br>
UNESCO (2021). State of conservation: Garamba National Park. Online: https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4023 <br>
UNESCO (2021). State of conservation: Garamba National Park. Online: https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4023 <br>