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Line 1: − + − + − + − + − - Wiki site pages contain information in paragraphs of text, tables, keyword lists, and images+ − + − + − − − − to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining", − rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining". + − [[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + + + + − = Site characteristics = + − + − This section includes a paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, a brief history of the site and on animals and plants that are known to occur at the site. − − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − <br> − − − − = Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results --> − + − This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).+ − + − − − + − + Line 72:
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Line 73: − + − This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below. − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 107:
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Line 176: + − + − = Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities --> − − − This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below. − − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 270:
Line 253: + − + − = Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->+ − + − + − Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities. − − − − − − − + − − − − − Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site. − − + − + − + − + − + − − [http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal] − − <br> − − + − + − − <i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i> − <br><br>
no edit summary
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
- Text paragraphs and images are not restricted, so text format and images can be chosen as desired.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
- Tables and keyword lists are extracted as data, and so have the following restrictions:
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
1) Table structure cannot be changed
2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) Keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. A link to the keyword list page is found adjacent
-->
-->
[[West Africa]] >[[Nigeria]] > [[Owo Forest Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|6.96879,5.5626~[[Owo Forest Reserve]]~Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees
* Ape taxa present
}}
* Ape population size
</div>
* Ape population trend
* Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes ellioti'') may be present in Owo Forest Reserve.
* This site has a total size of XX km².
* The population size is unknown.
* Key threats to apes are ...
* The population trend is decreasing.
* Additional information
* The site has a total size of 242 km².
* Key threats to chimpanzees are clearing land for agriculture and plantations.
* Conservation activities are not documented.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The reserve is located in the state of Ondo, Nigeria.
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Owo Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|
|242 km²
|-
|-
| Coordinates
|Coordinates
|
|6.96879,5.5626
|-
|-
| Designation <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc. -->
|Designation
|
|Forest Reserve
|-
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|
|Plantations, subtropical/tropical heavily degraded forest
|}
|}
[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
The site was superficially surveyed in 2006. Two nests were observed in Owo Forest Reserve in 1997, but it remains unconfirmed whether or not chimpanzees still survive here- a more extensive survey is needed to confirm chimpanzee occurrence (Greengrass 2006).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Owo Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate (per km²)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Area
! A.P.E.S. database ID
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes ellioti''
|2006
|
|
|
|
|
|0
|
|Owo Forest Reserve
|
|Index survey (reconnaissance walk)
|
|Greengrass 2006
|
|
|
|
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Owo Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|High
|
|
|Land clearing for farmland (Greengrass 2006).
|Ongoing (2006)
|-
|
|
|2.2 Wood & pulp plantations
|High
|
|
|
|Extensive teak and gmelina plantations (Greengrass 2006).
|
|Ongoing (2006)
|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Present but threat severity unknown
|
|
|
|Clearing land with fires, leading to high fragmentation of the forest (Greengrass 2006).
|
|Ongoing (2006)
|-
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|9. Pollution
|9. Pollution
|
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|10. Geological Events
|10. Geological Events
|
|
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|11. Climate change & severe weather
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|12. Other options
|12. Other options
|
|
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Owo Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|9. Pollution
|9. Pollution
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|10. Education & Awareness
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11. Habitat Protection
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|12. Species Management
|12. Species Management
|
|Not reported
|
|
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|-
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Owo Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
!align="left"|Impediment <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
|-
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Owo Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source <!-- source for behavior -->
!Source
|-
|-
|
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
=External links=
===Relevant datasets===
= References =
= References =
Greengrass, E.J. (2006). A survey of chimpanzees in south-west Nigeria. Report to the NCF-WCS Biodiversity Research Programme. <br>
<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX ''' Date:''' DD/MM/YY <br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 17/03/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->