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Line 313: − Plumptre, A.J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E.A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J.R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C. and Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 52pp <br> + + − +
no edit summary
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|1.758921, 28.504352~[[Okapi Wildlife Reserve]]~Eastern Chimpanzee
}}
</div>
* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') are present in Okapi Wildlife Reserve.
* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii'') are present in Okapi Wildlife Reserve.
* It has been estimated that 8,802 individuals occur in the site.
* It has been estimated that 5,019 individuals occur in the site.
* The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
* The chimpanzee population trend is stable.
* The site has a total size of 13,700 km².
* The site has a total size of 13,700 km².
* Armed groups involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting are the most concerning threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve.
* Armed groups involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting are the most concerning threat to chimpanzees and other wildlife in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Established in 1992, the Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ([https://www.okapiconservation.org/the-reserve/ Okapi Conservation Project]). The reserve was declared a [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718/ UNESCO World Heritage Site] in 1996, and it is also an Important Bird Area, with nearly 400 bird species recorded (BirdLife International 2020). The site is one of the largest blocks of intact forest remaining in the Congo Basin. The forest is important for the Mbuti and Efé pygmies, who live here as hunter-gatherers (BirdLife International 2020; [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718/ UNESCO]). The reserve is famous for being home to the largest population of the endemic okapi, Okapia johnstoni (BirdLife International 2020; [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718/ UNESCO]). The reserve supports other mammals of global conservation, including eastern chimpanzees, forest elephants, water chevrotains, aquatic genets, bongos, Hamlyn's monkeys, and mountain monkeys (BirdLife International 2020). The site is also notably rich in butterfly species (BirdLife International 2020).
Established in 1992, the Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ([https://www.okapiconservation.org/the-reserve/ Okapi Conservation Project]). The reserve was declared a [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718/ UNESCO World Heritage Site] in 1996, and it is also an Important Bird Area, with nearly 400 bird species recorded (BirdLife International 2020). The site is one of the largest blocks of intact forest remaining in the Congo Basin. The forest is important for the Mbuti and Efé pygmies, who live here as hunter-gatherers (BirdLife International 2020; [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718/ UNESCO]). The reserve is famous for being home to the largest population of the endemic okapi, ''Okapia johnstoni'' (BirdLife International 2020; [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/718/ UNESCO]). The reserve supports other mammals of global conservation importance, including eastern chimpanzees, forest elephants, water chevrotains, aquatic genets, bongos, Hamlyn's monkeys, and mountain monkeys (BirdLife International 2020). The site is also notably rich in butterfly species (BirdLife International 2020).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
|-
|-
|Coordinates
|Coordinates
|1.758921 N, 28.504352 E
|1.758921, 28.504352
|-
|-
|Designation
|Designation
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
The eastern chimpanzee population remained stable between 2007-2018, at around 5000 individuals; in 2018 the estimate was 5019 individuals (c.i. 3719-6773; CV 15%). However, there is some evidence of a range reduction in the west of the Reserve since 2011 (Madidi et al. 2019).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
|Plumptre et al. 2010
|Plumptre et al. 2010
|
|
|
|-
|''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''
|2018
|5019 (3719-6773)
|
|
|12,000 sq. km
|Line transects (Distance)
|Madidi et al. 2019
|survey effort: 321 km
|
|
|}
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The presence of armed militia involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting is one of the most concerning threats to the Okapi Wildlife Reserve. In 2012, armed rebel groups brutally attacked the headquarters of the reserve, killing six people and 14 captive okapis (Dasgupta 2019). Immigration is also a serious threat, as the RN4 road, which bisects the southern part of the reserve was rehabilitated, allowing easy access to pristine forests ([https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389 IUCN]).
The presence of armed militia involved in illegal mining, logging and hunting is one of the most concerning threats to the Okapi Wildlife Reserve. Most human activity is associated with the concentration of mines in the south and west, both north and south of the national road that bisects the Reserve (Madidi et al. 2019). In 2012, armed rebel groups brutally attacked the headquarters of the reserve, killing six people and 14 captive okapis (Dasgupta 2019). Immigration is also a serious threat, as the RN4 road, which bisects the southern part of the reserve was rehabilitated, allowing easy access to pristine forests ([https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/explore-sites/wdpaid/124389 IUCN]).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Present, but threat severity is unknown
|High
|
|
|Illegal gold mining. Miners often depend on bushmeat (Dasgupta 2019).
|Illegal gold mining. Miners often depend on bushmeat (Dasgupta 2019). Mining is concentrated in the southern and western parts of the reserve (Madidi et al. 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|-
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
In 2019 an agreement was reached to manage the Okapi Wildlife Reserve between Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Government’s Nature Conservation Agency, ICCN ([https://newsroom.wcs.org/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13167/New-hope-for-the-Okapi-Wildlife-Reserve-a-wildlife-haven-under-threat-in-in-the-heart-of-the-Congo-rainforest.aspx WCS]).
In 2019 an agreement was reached to manage the Okapi Wildlife Reserve between Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the Government’s Nature Conservation Agency, ICCN ([https://newsroom.wcs.org/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/13167/New-hope-for-the-Okapi-Wildlife-Reserve-a-wildlife-haven-under-threat-in-in-the-heart-of-the-Congo-rainforest.aspx WCS]). Between 2011 and 2019, hunting activity diminished as people have shifted their activities towards the mining camps in the southwest of the reserve. In addition, the core area is regularly patrolled by anti poaching teams (Madidi et al. 2019).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Okapi Wildlife Reserve'''
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Rangers walk up to 20 days a month to patrol the forest ([https://www.okapiconservation.org/wildlife-protection/ Okapi Conservation Project]).
|Rangers walk up to 20 days a month to patrol the forest ([https://www.okapiconservation.org/wildlife-protection/ Okapi Conservation Project], Madidi et al. 2019).
|Ongoing
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
= References =
= References =
BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Okapi Faunal Reserve. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/12/2020. <br>
BirdLife International (2020) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Okapi Faunal Reserve. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 30/12/2020. <br>
Dasgupta, S. (2019). DRC’s Okapi Wildlife Reserve gets new management partner in WCS. Retrieved 30 December 2020 from Mongabay.com. Web site: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/10/drcs-okapi-wildlife-reserve-gets-new-management-partner-in-wcs/# <br>
Dasgupta, S. (2019). DRC’s Okapi Wildlife Reserve gets new management partner in WCS. Retrieved 30 December 2020 from Mongabay.com. Web site: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/10/drcs-okapi-wildlife-reserve-gets-new-management-partner-in-wcs/# <br>
Madidi, J., Maisels, F., Kahindo, F., Nsafusa, B., Angemito, T., Manala, M., Ngohe, O., & Liengola, I. 2019. Inventaires des Grands Mammifères et de l’Impact Humaine, Réserve de Faune à Okapis, 2018. Rapport technique No : 01/BION/RFO/2019 p. 40. WCS DRC, Kinshasa, DRC.<br>
Plumptre, A.J., Rose, R., Nangendo, G., Williamson, E.A., Didier, K., Hart, J., Mulindahabi, F., Hicks, C., Griffin, B., Ogawa, H., Nixon, S., Pintea, L., Vosper, A., McClennan, M., Amsini, F., McNeilage, A., Makana, J.R., Kanamori, M., Hernandez, A., Piel, A., Stewart, F., Moore, J., Zamma, K., Nakamura, M., Kamenya, S., Idani, G., Sakamaki, T., Yoshikawa, M., Greer, D., Tranquilli, S., Beyers, R., Furuichi, T., Hashimoto, C. and Bennett, E. (2010). Eastern Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan 2010–2020. IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. 52pp <br>
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