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Line 270: − − The local community is reluctant to collaborate in patrols as field guides or assistants, because of a perceived view that, as a corporate entity, SFC was focussed on reducing losses, making profit, and increasing efficiency. The perceived view by the communities was also because of reduced numbers of park staff at Batang Ai National Park and Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, removal of the staff/village rotation system of hiring local communities, and less permanent and contract staff to work at the park (Pandong 2019). Line 274:
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Batang Ai National Park (view source)
Revision as of 13:51, 17 September 2023
, 13:51, 17 September 2023no edit summary
* Northwest bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus'') are present in Batang Ai National Park.
* Northwest bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus'') are present in Batang Ai National Park.
* It has been estimated that 119-580 individuals occur in the site.
* It has been estimated that 119-580 individuals occur in the site.
* The orangutan population trend is decreasing.
* The orangutan population trend is decreasing according to statistical model estimates.
* The site has a total size of 24 km².
* The site has a total size of 24 km².
* Key threats to orangutans are hunting and expansion of oil palm and wood plantations in the region.
* Key threats to orangutans are hunting and habitat loss.
* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness raising, and biomonitoring.
* Conservation activities have focused on awareness raising and biomonitoring.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Batang Ai National Park is located in Sarawak, Malaysia, bordering Indonesia to the south. The park was created as part of a hydroelectric scheme. The Batang Ai Dam is found within the park. Sarawak's largest ethnic group, the Iban, live in traditional longhouses around Batang Ai (Pandong 2019). Batang Ai National Park is contiguous with the Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, which also adjoins Bentuang-Karimun National Park in Indonesia; together, these three areas cover almost 10,000 sq. km and form a transboundary conservation area (WCS n.d.). Batang Ai National Park was established in 1991 (Pandong 2019).
Batang Ai National Park is located in Sarawak, Malaysia, bordering Indonesia to the south. The park was gazetted in 1991, after the construction of the Batang Ai dam (Horowitz 1998). Sarawak's largest ethnic group, the Iban, live in traditional longhouses around Batang Ai (Pandong 2019). Thousands of Ibans were displaced as a result of the construction of the dam and the establishment of the park. Batang Ai National Park is contiguous with the Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, which also adjoins Bentuang-Karimun National Park in Indonesia; together, these three areas cover almost 10,000 sq. km and form a transboundary conservation area ([https://malaysia.wcs.org/Wildlife/Orang-utan-conservation-in-Sarawak.aspx WCS]).
<div><ul>
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: 20230827_094915.JPG | 400px | thumb| right |Batang Ai National Park © Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]] </li>
<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: BatangAiDam.JPG | 400px | thumb| right |Batang Ai Dam © Isabel Ordaz-Nemeth]] </li>
</ul></div>
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Batang Ai National Park'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Batang Ai National Park'''
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|
|Oil palm plantations continue to expand in the region (Pandong 2019).
|Oil palm plantations continue to expand in the region, threatening to encroach orangutan habitat (Pandong 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|-
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|
|Industrial forest plantations growing in the region (Pandong 2019).
|Industrial forest plantations growing in the region, which threaten to encroach orangutan habitat (Pandong 2019).
|Ongoing (2019)
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|-
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|Present, but threat severity unknown
|
|
|In 2016, the carcass of a flanged male orangutan with gunshot wounds was discovered at the proposed northern extension of Batang Ai National Park (Pandong 2019).
|In 2016, the carcass of a flanged male orangutan with gunshot wounds was discovered at the proposed northern extension of Batang Ai National Park (Pandong 2019). A longhouse community living near the park reported that hunters from nearby villages and towns come into the area to hunt orangutans and other wildlife (Ordaz-Nemeth pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2019)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|10. Education & Awareness
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
|The orangutan radio program entitled “Jerita Bujang Sigat” or “The Saga of Bujang Sigat” was developed and aired to disseminate information about the importance of the park and its ecosystem services as well as to engage local communities to conserve orangutans and other wildlife (WCS n.d.).
|The orangutan radio program entitled “Jerita Bujang Sigat” or “The Saga of Bujang Sigat” was developed and aired to disseminate information about the importance of the park and its ecosystem services as well as to engage local communities to conserve orangutans and other wildlife ([https://malaysia.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Working-towards-conserving-orang-utans-and-their-habitats.aspx WCS]).
|2011-2012, 2018
|2011-2012, 2018
|-
|-
|
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
|An orangutan conservation education and awareness program was conducted by WCS with Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC) and also with the assistance of some of the local communities (WCS n.d.).
|An orangutan conservation education and awareness program was conducted by WCS with Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC) and also with the assistance of some of the local communities ([https://malaysia.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Working-towards-conserving-orang-utans-and-their-habitats.aspx WCS]).
|Unknown
|Unknown
|-
|-
|
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
|The Participatory Photography event with the theme, “Appreciating nature through pictures”, was held at SK. Nanga Delok, a primary school near Batang Ai National Park. This is a boarding school with students from different longhouse communities in the area. It was exciting to see the students becoming more aware and appreciative of their surroundings.
|The Participatory Photography event with the theme, “Appreciating nature through pictures”, was held at SK. Nanga Delok, a primary school near Batang Ai National Park. This is a boarding school with students from different longhouse communities in the area ([https://malaysia.wcs.org/Wild-Places/Working-towards-conserving-orang-utans-and-their-habitats.aspx WCS]).
|Unknown
|Unknown
|-
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site was established as a National Park in 1991 (Pandong 2019).
|The site was established as a National Park in 1991.
|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|12. Species Management
|12. Species Management
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Batang Ai National Park'''
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Batang Ai National Park'''
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|-
|Lack of trust and support from local communities
|Lack of trust from local communities
|Pandong 2019
|Pandong 2019
|-
|-
= References =
= References =
Horowitz, L. S. (1998). Integrating indigenous resource management with wildlife conservation: A case study of Batang Ai National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia. Human Ecology, 26(3), 371-403.<br>
Pandong, J. (2019). Conservation Ecology of Bornean Orangutans in the Greater Batang AiLanjak-Entimau Landscape, Sarawak, Malaysia [Master's thesis, The University of Adelaide.<br>
Pandong, J. (2019). Conservation Ecology of Bornean Orangutans in the Greater Batang AiLanjak-Entimau Landscape, Sarawak, Malaysia [Master's thesis, The University of Adelaide.<br>
Wich, S.A., E. Meijaard, A.J. Marshall, et al. 2008. Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan (Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain? Oryx. 42: 329–339.<br>
Wich, S.A., E. Meijaard, A.J. Marshall, et al. 2008. Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan (Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain? Oryx. 42: 329–339.<br>