1,347
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[Asia]] > [[Malaysia]] > [[Tabin Wildlife Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|5.240902, 118.718404~[[Tabin Wildlife Reserve]]~Northeast Bornean orangutans
}}
</div>
* Northeast Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus morio'') are present in Tabin Wildlife Reserve.
* It has been estimated that 1,401 (CI: 517-3,796) individuals occur in the site.
* The orangutan population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 1,200 km².
* Key threats to orangutans are logging (1970-1990) and potential road construction.
* Conservation activities have focused on natural regeneration of the forest, planting feeding trees in surrounding palm oil plantations, and ecotourism.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Located in the Malaysian state of Sabah, in Borneo, the reserve was established in 1984. It encompasses approx. 1,200 sq. km of primary and secondary lowland dipterocarp forest. The site is home to endemic species such as the Bornean elephant, the Bornean banteng, and Sunda clouded leopards ([https://www.wwf.org.my/?31825/Restoring-Tabin-WWF-Malaysia-and-KLK-Joined-Hands-to-Establish-Bukit-Tabin-Wildlife-Corridor WWF-Malaysia 2023]).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|1200 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|5.240902, 118.718404
|-
|Designation
|Forest reserve
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Helicopter nest surveys documented a low density of orangutans in the reserve in 1985. In 1995, following the expansion of palm oil plantations in the region, at least 500 rescued orangutans were relocated to Tabin, which led to a higher population density (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pongo pygmaeus morio''
|2002-2003
|1401 (517-3,796)
|1.26 (0.47-3.42)
|3.187
|Tabin Wildlife Reserve
|Aerial survey
|Ancrenaz et al. 2005
|1,110 km2 of orangutan habitat in the reserve
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|Unknown
|
|Planned road bisecting reserve east to west (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|Potential threat
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|The forest was selectively logged (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|1970-1990
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8.4 Problematic species/diseases of unknown origin
|Unknown
|
|Possible threat of unknown diseases, and possible threat of malaria (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Tabin was first gazetted as a Wildlife Reserve in 1984; legally it is classified as a Forest Reserve. It is jointly managed by the Sabah Forestry and Sabah Wildlife Departments. BORA is a Malaysian non profit organisation that focuses on improving habitat and food availability for wildlife in Tabin. [https://www.bringingbackourrareanimals.org/ BORA] has also collected over 90 wild fig species in the Sabah Ficus Germplasm Centre at Tabin Wildlife Reserve.
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is legally classified as a forest reserve.
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|11.4. Create/protect habitat corridors
| WWF-Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur Kepong (KLK) Berhad are establishing a wildlife corridor between Tabin and Silabukan Forest Reserve. Fast-growing native pioneer species and fig-plants will be planted to improve food sources for wildlife ([https://www.wwf.org.my/?31825/Restoring-Tabin-WWF-Malaysia-and-KLK-Joined-Hands-to-Establish-Bukit-Tabin-Wildlife-Corridor WWF-Malaysia 2023]).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|Other
| Allow natural regeneration of the forest and plant feeding trees in nearby areas (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|12. Species Management
|12.18. Reintroduce primates into habitat where the species is present
|Release of about 500 orangutans into Tabin Wildlife Reserve (Robins et al. 2013, Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|1995
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of political will, which limits management decisions
|Payne pers. obs. 2023
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://www.bringingbackourrareanimals.org/ BORA]
= References =
Ancrenaz, M., Gimenez, O., Ambu, L., Ancrenaz, K., Andau, P., Goossens, B., ... & Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. (2005). Aerial surveys give new estimates for orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Biology, 3(1), e3. <br>
Robins, J. G., Ancrenaz, M., Parker, J., Goossens, B., Ambu, L., Walzer, C., ... & Kinabalu, K. (2013). The release of northeast Bornean orangutans to Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2013. Further case studies from around the globe, 215.<br>
WWF-Malaysia (2023). Restoring Tabin: WWF-Malaysia and KLK Joined Hands to Establish Bukit Tabin Wildlife Corridor. Online: https://www.wwf.org.my/?31825/Restoring-Tabin-WWF-Malaysia-and-KLK-Joined-Hands-to-Establish-Bukit-Tabin-Wildlife-Corridor<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''John Payne, A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 30/09/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[Asia]] > [[Malaysia]] > [[Tabin Wildlife Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
|5.240902, 118.718404~[[Tabin Wildlife Reserve]]~Northeast Bornean orangutans
}}
</div>
* Northeast Bornean orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus morio'') are present in Tabin Wildlife Reserve.
* It has been estimated that 1,401 (CI: 517-3,796) individuals occur in the site.
* The orangutan population trend is unknown.
* The site has a total size of 1,200 km².
* Key threats to orangutans are logging (1970-1990) and potential road construction.
* Conservation activities have focused on natural regeneration of the forest, planting feeding trees in surrounding palm oil plantations, and ecotourism.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Located in the Malaysian state of Sabah, in Borneo, the reserve was established in 1984. It encompasses approx. 1,200 sq. km of primary and secondary lowland dipterocarp forest. The site is home to endemic species such as the Bornean elephant, the Bornean banteng, and Sunda clouded leopards ([https://www.wwf.org.my/?31825/Restoring-Tabin-WWF-Malaysia-and-KLK-Joined-Hands-to-Establish-Bukit-Tabin-Wildlife-Corridor WWF-Malaysia 2023]).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|1200 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|5.240902, 118.718404
|-
|Designation
|Forest reserve
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Helicopter nest surveys documented a low density of orangutans in the reserve in 1985. In 1995, following the expansion of palm oil plantations in the region, at least 500 rescued orangutans were relocated to Tabin, which led to a higher population density (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Pongo pygmaeus morio''
|2002-2003
|1401 (517-3,796)
|1.26 (0.47-3.42)
|3.187
|Tabin Wildlife Reserve
|Aerial survey
|Ancrenaz et al. 2005
|1,110 km2 of orangutan habitat in the reserve
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|Unknown
|
|Planned road bisecting reserve east to west (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|Potential threat
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|
|The forest was selectively logged (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|1970-1990
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8.4 Problematic species/diseases of unknown origin
|Unknown
|
|Possible threat of unknown diseases, and possible threat of malaria (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Tabin was first gazetted as a Wildlife Reserve in 1984; legally it is classified as a Forest Reserve. It is jointly managed by the Sabah Forestry and Sabah Wildlife Departments. BORA is a Malaysian non profit organisation that focuses on improving habitat and food availability for wildlife in Tabin. [https://www.bringingbackourrareanimals.org/ BORA] has also collected over 90 wild fig species in the Sabah Ficus Germplasm Centre at Tabin Wildlife Reserve.
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|The site is legally classified as a forest reserve.
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|11.4. Create/protect habitat corridors
| WWF-Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur Kepong (KLK) Berhad are establishing a wildlife corridor between Tabin and Silabukan Forest Reserve. Fast-growing native pioneer species and fig-plants will be planted to improve food sources for wildlife ([https://www.wwf.org.my/?31825/Restoring-Tabin-WWF-Malaysia-and-KLK-Joined-Hands-to-Establish-Bukit-Tabin-Wildlife-Corridor WWF-Malaysia 2023]).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|
|Other
| Allow natural regeneration of the forest and plant feeding trees in nearby areas (Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|12. Species Management
|12.18. Reintroduce primates into habitat where the species is present
|Release of about 500 orangutans into Tabin Wildlife Reserve (Robins et al. 2013, Payne pers. comm. 2023).
|1995
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Lack of political will, which limits management decisions
|Payne pers. obs. 2023
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Tabin Wildlife Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://www.bringingbackourrareanimals.org/ BORA]
= References =
Ancrenaz, M., Gimenez, O., Ambu, L., Ancrenaz, K., Andau, P., Goossens, B., ... & Lackman-Ancrenaz, I. (2005). Aerial surveys give new estimates for orangutans in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Biology, 3(1), e3. <br>
Robins, J. G., Ancrenaz, M., Parker, J., Goossens, B., Ambu, L., Walzer, C., ... & Kinabalu, K. (2013). The release of northeast Bornean orangutans to Tabin Wildlife Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2013. Further case studies from around the globe, 215.<br>
WWF-Malaysia (2023). Restoring Tabin: WWF-Malaysia and KLK Joined Hands to Establish Bukit Tabin Wildlife Corridor. Online: https://www.wwf.org.my/?31825/Restoring-Tabin-WWF-Malaysia-and-KLK-Joined-Hands-to-Establish-Bukit-Tabin-Wildlife-Corridor<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''John Payne, A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 30/09/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->