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Line 21: − While the Northeast Bornean Orangutan enjoys full protection in Malaysia and Indonesia and is listed on Appendix I of CITES, its forest habitat often lacks adequate protection: approximately 20% of the current orangutan range in Sabah and 80% in Kalimantan remain unprotected (Wich et al. 2012). Urgent innovative measures are required to ensure the long-term survival of Bornean Orangutans beyond protected forests.+ + + − The future of Bornean Orangutans will very much depend on the long-term security of large, strictly-protected forests where illegal logging and hunting will be efficiently controlled and the orangutan populations large enough to cope with catastrophic events such as fires and disease outbreaks (Meijaard et al. 2011). These forests need to contain the ecological gradients that will provide the key resources to sustain orangutans through climate and other gradual environmental changes (Gregory et al. 2012). In the larger landscape, scientifically-based, regional land-use planning is needed to delineate zones of interaction around protected forests and their surroundings, encompassing hydrological, ecological and socio-economic interactions. Ideally, the core protected areas will remain connected to other areas of forest that could be used sustainably for (commercial) timber extraction. (Ancrenaz et al. 2016). Line 41:
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'''Conservation Activities'''<br>
'''Conservation Activities'''<br>
The Northeast Bornean Orangutan benefits from full protection in Malaysia and Indonesia, listed on Appendix I of CITES. However, its forest habitat lacks comprehensive protection, with approximately 20% of the current orangutan range in Sabah and 80% in Kalimantan remaining unprotected (Wich et al. 2012). Urgent innovative strategies are required to ensure the long-term survival of Bornean orangutans outside protected forests.
The fate of Bornean orangutans heavily relies on the enduring security of extensive, strictly protected forests where illegal logging and hunting can be effectively managed, and orangutan populations can withstand catastrophic events like fires and disease outbreaks (Meijaard et al. 2011). These forests should encompass ecological gradients that provide essential resources to sustain orangutans amidst climate and other gradual environmental changes (Gregory et al. 2012). At a broader landscape scale, scientifically informed regional land-use planning is imperative to delineate interaction zones around protected forests and their environs, considering hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic dynamics. Ideally, core protected areas should remain connected to other forested regions suitable for sustainable (commercial) timber extraction. The formulation of such integrated landscapes demands a comprehensive approach spanning the entire landscape, rather than focusing solely on individual sites.
Wich, S. A., Gaveau, D., Abram, N., Ancrenaz, M., Baccini, A., Brend, S., ... & Meijaard, E. (2012). Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean orang-utan?. PloS one, 7(11), e49142.<br>
Wich, S. A., Gaveau, D., Abram, N., Ancrenaz, M., Baccini, A., Brend, S., ... & Meijaard, E. (2012). Understanding the impacts of land-use policies on a threatened species: is there a future for the Bornean orang-utan?. PloS one, 7(11), e49142.<br>
Wich, S.A., de Vries, H., Ancrenaz, M., Perkins, L., Shumaker, R.W., Suzuki A., & van Schaik, C.P. (2009). Orangutan life history variation. In: S.A. Wich, S.S. Utami Atmoko, T. Mitra Setia and C.P. van Schaik (eds), Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation, pp. 65–75. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.<br>
Wich, S.A., de Vries, H., Ancrenaz, M., Perkins, L., Shumaker, R.W., Suzuki A., & van Schaik, C.P. (2009). Orangutan life history variation. In: S.A. Wich, S.S. Utami Atmoko, T. Mitra Setia and C.P. van Schaik (eds), Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation, pp. 65–75. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.<br>
Last updated January 2024