The Bornean Orangutan receives full legal protection in Malaysia and Indonesia, being listed on Appendix I of CITES. The fate of these orangutans relies heavily on the stability of vast, rigorously protected forested areas where illegal activities such as logging and hunting are effectively controlled, and where orangutan populations demonstrate resilience against catastrophic occurrences like fires and disease outbreaks (Meijaard et al. 2011). These forests must encompass diverse ecological gradients that offer essential resources to support orangutans amidst changing climates and environmental conditions (Gregory et al. 2012). On a larger scale, it is imperative to undertake science-driven regional land-use planning to define interaction zones surrounding protected forests and their environs, taking into account hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic considerations (Ancrenaz et al. 2016). | The Bornean Orangutan receives full legal protection in Malaysia and Indonesia, being listed on Appendix I of CITES. The fate of these orangutans relies heavily on the stability of vast, rigorously protected forested areas where illegal activities such as logging and hunting are effectively controlled, and where orangutan populations demonstrate resilience against catastrophic occurrences like fires and disease outbreaks (Meijaard et al. 2011). These forests must encompass diverse ecological gradients that offer essential resources to support orangutans amidst changing climates and environmental conditions (Gregory et al. 2012). On a larger scale, it is imperative to undertake science-driven regional land-use planning to define interaction zones surrounding protected forests and their environs, taking into account hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic considerations (Ancrenaz et al. 2016). |