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Line 1: + + + + + + + + − − '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | − '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | − '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | − '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]''' Line 21:
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Line 171: + − + − + − + − + − + − − + + + + − |- − |2. Counter-wildlife crime − |2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols − |Wildlife staff and Forest Guards undertake patrols in the reserve to control illegalities (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). − |Ongoing (2023) − + − | − + − + − | − |Conservation education is carried out by Wildlife staff (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). − |Ongoing (2023) − |- − |5. Protection & restoration − |5.2 Legally protect ape habitat − |Ongoing (2023) − + − + − + − | − + − | − + − | − + − | − + − [[Conservation activities]] − − = Conservation implementation challenges and enablers = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation --> − − Restrictions into Forest Reserves are not the same as for National Parks and Resource reserves; as a result, illegal offtake control has not been so effective and the increase of population and demand for resources for their livelihood has made effective conservation difficult. Inadequate staffing, bad roads, little field equipment, no survey equipment, lack of vehicles, inadequate funding etc. hampers protection (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023). − − '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve''' − {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table" − !align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES --> − !Challenge − !Source − !Year(s) − |- − |1. Site management − + − + − + − |+ − |- − |2. Resources & capacity − − |Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023 − | − + − + − |Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023 + − |4. Institutional support − |4.1 Lack of law enforcement − |Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023 + + + − + − + Line 288:
Line 260: − + − + − + − + − + − + − !Year(s)+ + + − + − |Not reported+ − | − − + − |Not reported+ − | − − + − |Not reported+ − | − − + − |Not reported+ − | − | − − |5. Ecological context − |Not reported − | − | − |- − |6. Safety & stability − |Not reported − | − | − [[Enablers]] Line 336:
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Line 305: − Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., ... & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345.<br> + − Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., ... & Frieler, K. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8(12), e2020EF001616.<br>
no edit summary
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[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve]]
[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve is a tropical semi-deciduous forest. It is home to pangolins, duikers, and monkeys, among other species. The area also has a good forest but exploitation of the Forest and other activities are reducing the status of the forest cover (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve is a Tropical Semi-Deciduous Forest. It is home to pangolins, duikers, and monkeys, among other species. The area also has a good forest but exploitation of the Forest and other activities are reducing the status of the forest cover (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Species
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|31.4 km²
|31.4 km²
|-
|-
|7.050600, -2.695950
|7.050600, -2.695950
|-
|-
|Type of site
|Designation
|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
|Forest Reserve
|-
|-
|Governance type
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
|}
|}
[[Types of sites]] ⋅ [[Governance types]] ⋅ [[Habitat types]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Survey area
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Sampling method
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Analytical framework
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Source
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
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|Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve
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|Bia Shelter Belt FR
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|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Description
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Year of threat
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1.1 Subsistence bushmeat hunting
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|Medium
|Medium
|
|Farmers and hunters get most of their livelihood from the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Farmers and hunters get most of their livelihood from the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|High
|
|Part of the area was under timber concession until 2019. Illegal logging and collection of forest products are still taking place (since 1980s but intensified from 2005 up to date) (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Part of the area was under timber concession until 2019. Illegal logging and collection of forest products are still taking place (since 1980s but intensified from 2005 up to date) (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|2005-Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Low
|Low
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|Sometimes the forest catches fire and destroys part of the forest, which changes the structure of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Sometimes the forest catches fire and destroys part of the forest, which changes the structure of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Absent
|Absent
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Absent
|Absent
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|}
[[Threats]]
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Forestry Commission staff undertake patrols within the forest and carry out conservation education in the communities on the best conservation practices. The Forestry Commission is making efforts to intensify protection by deploying reinforcement teams from Ghana Forest Rapid Response Teams to the area to support the protection of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
Forestry Commission staff undertake patrols within the forest and carry out conservation education in the communities on the best conservation practices. The Forestry Commission is making efforts to intensify protection by deploying reinforcement teams from Ghana Forest RAPID RESPONSE TEAMS to the area to support the protection of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Implementing organization
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity
|-
|-
|1. Development impact mitigation
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|3. Species health
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|4. Education & awareness
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|5. Protection & restoration
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6 Habitat restoration
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Enrichment planting is ongoing in the Forest Reserve and the trees are doing very well (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Wildlife staff and Forest Guards undertake patrols in the reserve to control illegalities (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|6. Species management
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|7. Economic & other incentives
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|8. Permanent presence
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|}
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|2. Resources & capacity
|10. Education & Awareness
|2.2 Lack of staff
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|Conservation education is carried out by Wildlife staff (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation
|-
|-
|3. Engaged community
|11. Habitat Protection
|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|
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|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
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|11.8. Plant indigenous trees to re-establish natural tree communities in clear-cut areas
|Enrichment planting is ongoing in the Forest Reserve and the trees are doing very well (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|5. Ecological context
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|6. Safety & stability
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|Not reported
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|-
|-
|}
|}
[[Challenges]]
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
= Challenges to conservation = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enablers-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
Restrictions into Forest Reserves are not the same as for National Parks and Resource reserves; as a result, illegal offtake control has not been so effective and the increase of population and demand for resources for their livelihood has made effective conservation difficult. Inadequate staffing, bad roads, little field equipment, no survey equipment, lack of vehicles, inadequate funding etc. hampers protection (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
!Enabler
!Source
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|-
|1. Site management
|Lack of human resources
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|-
|-
|2. Resources & capacity
|Lack of law enforcement
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|-
|-
|3. Engaged community
|Lack of trust and support from local communities
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|-
|-
|4. Institutional support
|Lack of logistical means
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|-
|-
|-
|}
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 7. Ape behaviors reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!align="left"|Behavior
= References =
= References =
<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo''' Date:''' 09/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo''' Date:''' 09/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->