duser, Administrators
731
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
no edit summary
Line 1:
Line 1:
−<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
−- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
−- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
−- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
− 1) Table structure cannot be changed.
− 2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
− 3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
−-->
−
−
+
+[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
−
+
+!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->+|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
−|-
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
−
+|Not reported+|+|
−|-
−|Not reported
−|
−|
−|3. Energy production & mining
−|Not reported
|
−|-
−|4. Transportation & service corridors
−|Not reported
−|
−|
−|-
−|5. Biological resource use
−|5.1. Implement no-hunting seasons for primates
−|Ghana has a closed season from 1st August to 1st December for all wild animals, including primates in Ghana
−|Ongoing (2023)
−|-
−|5. Biological resource use
−|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
−|The Forestry Commission used to carry out patrols in the Forest and has increased the number of Rapid Response Teams (RRT) to undertake regular patrols in important Forest Reserves (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Not reported+|+|7. Natural system modifications
−|Not reported
−|
−|
−|-
−|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−|Not reported
−|
−|
−|-
−|9. Pollution
−|Not reported
|
−|-
−|10. Education & Awareness
−|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
−|NGOs such as A Rocha Ghana, Conservation International etc. undertake conservation education around the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|-
−|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
−|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
−|Communities are provided livelihood support programmes (implemented by A Rocha Ghana) to increase their support for conservation (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|-
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
−
+
+===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
−
−
+
+|-
|+|'''1981-2010'''+|'''2021-2050, RCP 2.6'''+|'''2021-2050, RCP 6.0'''+|'''2071-2099, RCP 2.6'''+|'''2071-2099, RCP 6.0'''+|-
|+|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''+|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''+|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''+|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''+|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''+|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''+|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''+|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''+|-
<div><ul>
−<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly_Atewa FR.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] </li>
−<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly_Atewa FR.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] </li>
−</ul></div>
−
+
McCullough, J., Alonso, L. E., Naskrecki, P., Wright, H. E., & Osei-Owusu, Y. (2007). A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, eastern Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 47, 1-191.<br>
−Kusimi, J. M. (2015). Characterizing land disturbance in Atewa range forest reserve and buffer zone. Land Use Policy, 49, 471-482.<br>
−Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., ... & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345.<br>
−Rapid Assessment Program. (2007). [https://www.conservation.org/docs/default-source/publication-pdfs/ci_atewa_ghana_booklet#:~:text=The%20Atewa%20Range%20Forest%20Reserve%20is%20part%20of%20a%20ecosystem,botanists%20as%20Upland%20Evergreen%20forest. Biodiversity in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana]. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA. <br>
−Purwins, S. (2022). Bauxite mining at Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana: a political ecology of a conservation-exploitation conflict. GeoJournal, 87(2), 1085-1097.<br>
−J. Lindsell, R. Agyei, D. Bosu, J. Decher, W. Hawthorne, C. Marshall, C. Ofori-Boateng, M.-.O. Rodel (2019). The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest. Technical Report to A Rocha, January 2019. Online: https://ghana.arocha.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/11/Biodiversity-of-Atewa-A-Rocha.pdf <br>
−<br>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Atewa Range Forest Reserve]]
[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Atewa Range Forest Reserve]]
−= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
+'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Atewa_Range_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Atewa_Range_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Atewa_Range_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Atewa_Range_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Atewa_Range_Forest_Reserve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
−<div style="float: right">
+{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
+__TOC__
−|6.170532, -0.600267~[[Atewa Range Forest Reserve]]~Western Chimpanzee
+= Summary =
−}}
+</div>
+<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|6.170532, -0.600267~[[Atewa Range Forest Reserve]]~Pan troglodytes verus}}</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are no longer present in Atewa Range Forest Reserve.
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are no longer present in Atewa Range Forest Reserve.
* Chimpanzees have been extirpated from the site.
* Chimpanzees have been extirpated from the site.
Line 21:
Line 13:
* Conservation activities have focused on patrolling and controlling poaching.
* Conservation activities have focused on patrolling and controlling poaching.
−= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
+= Site characteristics =
Atewa Range Forest Reserve is located in southeastern Ghana. The reserve is on a mountain range, which peaks at 842 m a.s.l., (Kusimi 2015). Atewa is unique because of its Upland Evergreen forest, which is an important reservoir of biodiversity. It was established as a national forest reserve in 1926. The site was also designated as a Special Biological Protection Area in 1994, a Hill Sanctuary in 1995, a Globally Significant Biodiversity Areas (GSBAs) in 1999, and an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International in 2001 (RAP 2007). In 2021, a new frog species was discovered in the site; it was given the common name Atewa Slippery frog, ''Conraua sagyimase'' ([https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ A Rocha Ghana]).
Atewa Range Forest Reserve is located in southeastern Ghana. The reserve is on a mountain range, which peaks at 842 m a.s.l., (Kusimi 2015). Atewa is unique because of its Upland Evergreen forest, which is an important reservoir of biodiversity. It was established as a national forest reserve in 1926. The site was also designated as a Special Biological Protection Area in 1994, a Hill Sanctuary in 1995, a Globally Significant Biodiversity Areas (GSBAs) in 1999, and an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International in 2001 (RAP 2007). In 2021, a new frog species was discovered in the site; it was given the common name Atewa Slippery frog, ''Conraua sagyimase'' ([https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ A Rocha Ghana]).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
−| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
+|Species
+|Pan troglodytes verus
+|-
+|Area
|258 km²
|258 km²
|-
|-
|Coordinates
|Coordinates
−|6.170532, -0.600267
+|Lat: 6.170532 , Lon: -0.600267
|-
|-
−|Designation
+|Type of site
−|Forest Reserve
+|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
|-
|-
−|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
+|Habitat types
|Tropical Moist Montane Forest
|Tropical Moist Montane Forest
+|-
+|Type of governance
+|
|}
|}
−= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
+= Ape status =
No chimpanzees have been found in the reserve. An old chief hunter reported that he has not seen a chimpanzee in the forest since he started hunting over 40 years ago (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023). During a 2006 Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) survey of the site, most nearby communities said that chimpanzees were not present; this was in line with the RAP’s transect and recce survey results, which found no evidence of chimpanzees (McCullough et al. 2007).
No chimpanzees have been found in the reserve. An old chief hunter reported that he has not seen a chimpanzee in the forest since he started hunting over 40 years ago (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023). During a 2006 Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) survey of the site, most nearby communities said that chimpanzees were not present; this was in line with the RAP’s transect and recce survey results, which found no evidence of chimpanzees (McCullough et al. 2007).
−'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
−! Species
+!Species
−! Year
+!Year
−! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+!Encounter rate (nests/km)
−! Area
+!Area
−! Method
+!Method
−! Source
+!Source
−! Comments
+!Comments
−! A.P.E.S. database ID
+!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
Line 64:
Line 65:
|
|
|Atewa Range Forest Reserve
|Atewa Range Forest Reserve
−|
+|Unknown
|(Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023).
|(Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023).
|
|
Line 75:
Line 76:
|
|
|Atewa Range Forest Reserve
|Atewa Range Forest Reserve
−|Index survey (reconnaissance walk) and line transect survey
+|Line transects & recces
|McCullough et al. 2007
|McCullough et al. 2007
|
|
Line 81:
Line 82:
|}
|}
−= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
+= Threats =
Chimpanzees were mainly threatened by the high levels of uncontrolled hunting (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023). A study by Kusimi 2015 also found that land cover (especially forest cover) in the reserve declined, while land use increased between 1986 and 2013. Parts of the forest degraded into bushes/shrubs and the peripheral landscape was more affected due to intense human activities such as farming and illegal logging. Other activities such as expansion of settlements and illegal gold mining have also contributed to the negative impacts on the forest cover (Kusimi 2015). Atewa Forest is one of three possible sites where the government of Ghana is seeking to mine bauxite to develop an integrated bauxite-aluminium industry; up to this point it has not been exploited but the risk still exists (Purwins 2022).
Chimpanzees were mainly threatened by the high levels of uncontrolled hunting (Ofori-Amanfo pers. comm. 2023). A study by Kusimi 2015 also found that land cover (especially forest cover) in the reserve declined, while land use increased between 1986 and 2013. Parts of the forest degraded into bushes/shrubs and the peripheral landscape was more affected due to intense human activities such as farming and illegal logging. Other activities such as expansion of settlements and illegal gold mining have also contributed to the negative impacts on the forest cover (Kusimi 2015). Atewa Forest is one of three possible sites where the government of Ghana is seeking to mine bauxite to develop an integrated bauxite-aluminium industry; up to this point it has not been exploited but the risk still exists (Purwins 2022).
−'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
−!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
+!Category
−!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
+!Specific threats
−!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
+!Threat level
−!Description
−!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+!Year of threat
−!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
−|1. Residential & commercial development
+|1 Residential & commercial development
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
+|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|Low
|Low
−|Farmers encroach into the Forest Reserve for illegal subsistence farming (Kusimi 2015, Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Farmers encroach into the Forest Reserve for illegal subsistence farming (Kusimi 2015, Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|2014-Ongoing (2023)
|2014-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|3. Energy production & mining
+|3 Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|High
|High
−|Illegal mining can be found in the Forest Reserve, specifically gold mining (Kusimi 2015, Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Illegal mining can be found in the Forest Reserve, specifically gold mining (Kusimi 2015, Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|2014-Ongoing (2023)
|2014-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|
+|3 Energy production & mining
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|3.2 Mining & quarrying
|Low
|Low
−|In June 2019, in the absence of an environmental impact assessment, the Ghanaian authorities started clearing access roads to Atewa Forest to allow test-drilling for bauxite ([https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/103 IUCN Congress 2020]). Bauxite deposits have been assessed several other times at the site by prospective companies, but bauxite mining has been so far met with strong opposition (Lindsell et al. 2019). Although the threat is low because mining has not proceeded, the potential impacts are high.
|In June 2019, in the absence of an environmental impact assessment, the Ghanaian authorities started clearing access roads to Atewa Forest to allow test-drilling for bauxite ([https://www.iucncongress2020.org/motion/103 IUCN Congress 2020]). Bauxite deposits have been assessed several other times at the site by prospective companies, but bauxite mining has been so far met with strong opposition (Lindsell et al. 2019). Although the threat is low because mining has not proceeded, the potential impacts are high.
|2019-Ongoing (2023)
|2019-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|4. Transportation & service corridors
+|4 Transportation & service corridors
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−|5. Biological resource use
+|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
−|High
+|High
−|Poaching of wild animals in the Forest is common (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Poaching of wild animals in the Forest is common (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|
+|5 Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
−|High
+|High
−|The communities around the Forest Reserve enter and collect non timber forest products for domestic and commercial purposes (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|The communities around the Forest Reserve enter and collect non timber forest products for domestic and commercial purposes (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|
+|5 Biological resource use
−|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
+|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|High
−|Legal logging was permitted between 1966 and 1998 (Lindsell et al. 2019).
|Legal logging was permitted between 1966 and 1998 (Lindsell et al. 2019).
|1966-1998
|1966-1998
|-
|-
−|
+|5 Biological resource use
−|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
+|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
−|Medium
+|Medium
−|Illegal logging still goes on in the Reserve, even after the 2003 management plan made no provisions for timber harvesting (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023, Lindsell et al. 2019).
|Illegal logging still goes on in the Reserve, even after the 2003 management plan made no provisions for timber harvesting (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023, Lindsell et al. 2019).
|2003-Ongoing (2023)
|2003-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−|7. Natural system modifications
+|7 Natural system modifications
−|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
+|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Medium
|Medium
−|The Forest Reserve has a long boundary, where periodic fires occur due to farming practices around the reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|The Forest Reserve has a long boundary, where periodic fires occur due to farming practices around the reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|2016-Ongoing (2023)
|2016-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−|9. Pollution
+|9 Pollution
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−|10. Geological Events
+|10 Geological events
|
|
|Absent
|Absent
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+|11 Climate change & severe weather
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
|-
|-
−|12. Other options
+|12 Other threat
|
|
|Absent
|Absent
|
|
|
|
−|}
|}
−= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
+= Conservation activities =
Some organisations are advocating that the Atewa Forest Reserve should be upgraded to National Park status, including the NGO Ghana A Rocha and the IUCN (Lindsell et al. 2019).
Some organisations are advocating that the Atewa Forest Reserve should be upgraded to National Park status, including the NGO Ghana A Rocha and the IUCN (Lindsell et al. 2019).
−'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
−!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
+!Category
−!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
+!Specific activity
−!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+!Description
−!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+!Implementing organization(s)
+!Year of activity
|-
|-
−|1. Residential & commercial development
+|2 Counter-wildlife crime
−|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
−|The Forestry Commission used to carry out patrols in the Forest and has increased the number of Rapid Response Teams (RRT) to undertake regular patrols in important Forest Reserves (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
−|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−|-
−|
|
−|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|5. Biological resource use
+|2 Counter-wildlife crime
−|5.8. Inspect bushmeat markets for illegal primate species
+|2.5 Inspect bushmeat markets for ape species
|The Forestry Commission carries out checks on illegal trade in bush meat (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|The Forestry Commission carries out checks on illegal trade in bush meat (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
+|
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|5. Biological resource use
+|2 Counter-wildlife crime
−|5.9. Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
+|2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
|All snares seen in the Reserve by patrol teams and researchers are removed (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|All snares seen in the Reserve by patrol teams and researchers are removed (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
+|
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|5. Biological resource use
+|2 Counter-wildlife crime
−|5.10. Provide better equipment (e.g. guns) to anti-poaching ranger patrols
+|2.7 Provide better equipment (e.g., guns) to anti-poaching ranger patrols
|New and better weapons have been acquired for the RRT (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|New and better weapons have been acquired for the RRT (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
+|
|2023
|2023
|-
|-
−|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+|4 Education & awareness
−|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
−|NGOs such as A Rocha Ghana, Conservation International etc. undertake conservation education around the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
−|
−|-
−|
|
−|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|10. Education & Awareness
+|4 Education & awareness
−|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
+|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
|Local communities are involved in research activities in the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Local communities are involved in research activities in the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
+|
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|11. Habitat Protection
+|5 Protection & restoration
−|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
+|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|The site has been a Forest Reserve since 1926.
|The site has been a Forest Reserve since 1926.
+|
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|1926-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
−|12. Species Management
+|7 Economic & other incentives
−|Not reported
+|7.2 Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g., better education, infrastructure development)
−|
+|Communities are provided livelihood support programmes (implemented by A Rocha Ghana) to increase their support for conservation (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|
|
−|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
−|}
|}
−= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
+[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
+= Challenges =
The main challenges to conservation include lack of vigorous law Enforcement activities in the Forest Reserve, lack of logistics and low staff (Kusimi 2015).
The main challenges to conservation include lack of vigorous law Enforcement activities in the Forest Reserve, lack of logistics and low staff (Kusimi 2015).
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
−!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
+!Challenges
−!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
+!Specific challenges
+!Source
+!Year(s)
|-
|-
−|Lack of law enforcement
+|4 Institutional support
+|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023, Kusimi 2015
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023, Kusimi 2015
+|
|-
|-
−|Lack of logistical means
+|1 Site management
+|1.2 Need for improved coordination
|Kusimi 2015
|Kusimi 2015
+|
|-
|-
−|Lack of human resources
+|2 Resources and capacity
+|2.2 Lack of staff
|Kusimi 2015
|Kusimi 2015
+|
+|}
+
+
+= Enablers =
+
+
+
+'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
+!Enablers
+!Specific enablers
+!Source
+!Year(s)
+|-
+|1 Site management
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+|2 Resources and capacity
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+|3 Engaged community
+|
+|
+|
|-
|-
+|4 Institutional support
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+|5 Ecological context
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+|6 Safety and stability
+|
+|
+|
|}
|}
−= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
+= Research activities =
Studies have been carried out in the Forest Reserve on its biodiversity since 2003, for management plans, biodiversity assessments and threat assessments.
Studies have been carried out in the Forest Reserve on its biodiversity since 2003, for management plans, biodiversity assessments and threat assessments.
−'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+= Documented behaviours =
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+!align="left"|Behavior
+'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
+!Behavior
!Source
!Source
|-
|-
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
−|}
|}
+
+
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. (2024) extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.
+
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).
The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (Kiribou et al. 2024).
−'''Table 7. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima-table"
−!'''Value'''
−!'''1981-2010'''
−!'''2021-2050, RCP 2.6'''
−!'''2021-2050, RCP 6.0'''
−!'''2071-2099, RCP 2.6'''
−!'''2071-2099, RCP 6.0'''
|-
|-
|Mean temperature [°C]
|Mean temperature [°C]
Line 389:
Line 389:
|7.4
|7.4
|9.7
|9.7
−|}
|}
−'''Table 8. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
+'''Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Atewa Range Forest Reserve'''
−{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima2-table"
−!'''Type'''
−!'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''
−!'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''
−!'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''
−!'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''
−!'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''
−!'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''
−!'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''
−!'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''
|-
|-
|Crop failure
|Crop failure
Line 464:
Line 463:
|29
|29
|0.4
|0.4
−|}
|}
−=External links=
+<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly_Atewa FR.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly_Atewa FR.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Atewa Range Forest Reserve]] </li></ul></div>
+= External links =
+[https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ Ghana A Rocha]
[https://ghana.arocha.org/projects/protecting-atewa-forest/ Ghana A Rocha]
+
+= Relevant datasets =
+
+
= References =
= References =
−McCullough, J., Alonso, L. E., Naskrecki, P., Wright, H. E., & Osei-Owusu, Y. (2007). A rapid biological assessment of the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, eastern Ghana. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 47, 1-191.
−'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo & APES wiki team''' Date:''' 10/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
+Kusimi, J. M. (2015). Characterizing land disturbance in Atewa range forest reserve and buffer zone. Land Use Policy, 49, 471-482.
+Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., ... & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345.
+Rapid Assessment Program. (2007). [https://www.conservation.org/docs/default-source/publication-pdfs/ci_atewa_ghana_booklet#:~:text=The%20Atewa%20Range%20Forest%20Reserve%20is%20part%20of%20a%20ecosystem,botanists%20as%20Upland%20Evergreen%20forest. Biodiversity in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Ghana]. Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA.
+Purwins, S. (2022). Bauxite mining at Atewa Forest Reserve, Ghana: a political ecology of a conservation-exploitation conflict. GeoJournal, 87(2), 1085-1097.
+J. Lindsell, R. Agyei, D. Bosu, J. Decher, W. Hawthorne, C. Marshall, C. Ofori-Boateng, M.-.O. Rodel (2019). The Biodiversity of Atewa Forest. Technical Report to A Rocha, January 2019. Online: https://ghana.arocha.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/11/Biodiversity-of-Atewa-A-Rocha.pdf
+'''Page created by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo & APES wiki team''' Date:''' NA