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−<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
−- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
−- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
−- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
− 1) Table structure cannot be changed.
− 2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
− 3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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+[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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−!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->+|
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|81% decline in fruiting over a 32-year period in Lopé National Park (Bush et al. 2020).
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
−= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->+
+
−|Not reported
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−|-
−|4. Transportation & service corridors
−|Not reported
|Not reported
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−|-
−|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
−|Not reported
|7.1. Use prescribed burning within the context of home range size and use
−|Fire management programme to maintain the diversity of forest/savanna habitats in the park (Jeffrey et al. 2014).
−|Ongoing (2014)
−|-
−|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−|Not reported
−|
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−|9. Pollution
−|Not reported
|Not reported
−|
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−|11. Habitat Protection
−|Not reported
|Not reported
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−|-
−|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
−|Not reported
|-
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
−'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lopé National Park'''+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
−!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
−!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
−|-
−|Not reported
−|
−|-
−|}
−The Station d’Etudes des Gorilles et Chimpanzes ([https://scienceparcsgabon.weebly.com/segc.html SEGC]) was established in 1983. In collaboration with the University of Stirling and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the field site has developed one of the most valuable long-term ecological databases in the region. SEGC also supports the park management and guides conservation policy.The WCS also has a long-term project at the park doing [https://gabon.wcs.org/en-us/Wild-Places/Gabons-Forests/Mandrill-Research-and-Tourism.aspx mandrill research].
−===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
−|-
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−===Relevant datasets===
−[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
Bush, E. R., Whytock, R. C., Bahaa-el-din, L., Bourgeois, S., Bunnefeld, N., Cardoso, A. W., Dikangadissi, J. T., Dimbonda, P., Dimoto, E., Edzang Ndong, J., Jeffery, K. J., Lehmann, D., Makaga, L., Momboua, B., Momont, L. R. W., Tutin, C. E. G., White, L. J. T., Whittaker, A., & Abernethy, K. (2020). Long-term collapse in fruit availability threatens Central African forest megafauna. Science, eabc7791. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7791<br>
−Jeffery, K. J., Korte, L., Palla, F., Walters, G., White, L. J. T., & Abernethy, K. A. (2014). Fire management in a changing landscape: A case study from Lopé National Park, Gabon. PARKS, 20(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-1.KJJ.en<br>
−University of Stirling. (2020). Stirling expert informs new study on chimpanzee behaviour. Retrieved from: https://www.stir.ac.uk/news/2020/09/stirling-expert-informs-new-study-on-chimpanzee-behaviour/<br>
−UNESCO. (n.d.). Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda. Retrieved from: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/<br>
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Gabon]] > [[Lopé National Park]]
[[Central Africa]] > [[Gabon]] > [[Lopé National Park]]
−= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
+'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Lopé_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Lopé_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Lopé_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Lopé_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Lopé_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
+__TOC__
+= Summary =
+<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-0.442447 , 11.524291 ~[[Lopé National Park]]~Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes troglodytes}}</div>
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & Western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Lopé National Park.
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') & Western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Lopé National Park.
* The population sizes are unknown.
* The population sizes are unknown.
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* The site is part of the Ecosystem and Relic Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
* The site is part of the Ecosystem and Relic Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda, a UNESCO World Heritage site.
−= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
+= Site characteristics =
Situated in central Gabon, Lopé National Park is part of the Ecosystem and Relic Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The site contains a special interface between dense tropical rainforest and relict savanna. The diversity of habitat types present at the park has contributed to the high floral diversity; over 1,550 plant species have been documented, including 40 never recorded before in Gabon. It is thought that, with the completion of all the floristic surveys and research, the number of plant species could reach over 3,000 ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/ UNESCO]). Well-preserved rock carvings and evidence of iron-working have been discovered in the area; these and other archaeological findings reflect a major migration route of Bantu and other peoples along the River Ogooué valley ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/ UNESCO]).
Situated in central Gabon, Lopé National Park is part of the Ecosystem and Relic Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The site contains a special interface between dense tropical rainforest and relict savanna. The diversity of habitat types present at the park has contributed to the high floral diversity; over 1,550 plant species have been documented, including 40 never recorded before in Gabon. It is thought that, with the completion of all the floristic surveys and research, the number of plant species could reach over 3,000 ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/ UNESCO]). Well-preserved rock carvings and evidence of iron-working have been discovered in the area; these and other archaeological findings reflect a major migration route of Bantu and other peoples along the River Ogooué valley ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/ UNESCO]).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lopé National Park'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Lopé National Park'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
−| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
+|Species
+|Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes troglodytes
+|-
+|Area
|4,910 km²
|4,910 km²
|-
|-
|Coordinates
|Coordinates
−| -0.442447 S, 11.524291 E
+|Lat: -0.442447 S , Lon: 11.524291 E
|-
|-
−|Designation
+|Type of site
−|National Park
+|Protected area (National Park)
|-
|-
−|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
+|Habitat types
−|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, savanna
+|Subtropical/tropical dry forest, Savanna
+|-
+|Type of governance
+|
|}
|}
−= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
+= Ape status =
+'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Lopé National Park'''
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
+'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Lopé National Park'''
−! Species
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
−! Year
+!Species
−! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+!Year
−! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−! Area
+!Encounter rate (nests/km)
−! Method
+!Area
−! Source
+!Method
−! Comments
+!Source
−! A.P.E.S. database ID
+!Comments
+!A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|-
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
|''Gorilla gorilla gorilla''
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+|Unknown
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+|Unknown
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|}
|}
−= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
+= Threats =
+'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Lopé National Park'''
+'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Lopé National Park'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
−!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
+!Category
−!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
+!Specific threats
−!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
+!Threat level
−!Description
−!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+!Year of threat
−!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
−|1. Residential & commercial development
+|1 Residential & commercial development
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
|-
−|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
|-
−|3. Energy production & mining
+|3 Energy production & mining
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
|-
−|4. Transportation & service corridors
+|4 Transportation & service corridors
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
|-
−|5. Biological resource use
+|5 Biological resource use
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|-
−|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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−|7. Natural system modifications
+|7 Natural system modifications
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
−|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
|-
−|9. Pollution
+|9 Pollution
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|-
−|10. Geological Events
+|10 Geological events
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|Absent
|Absent
−|
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|-
−| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+|11 Climate change & severe weather
−|11.5 Other impacts
+|12.1 Other threat
|Present, but threat severity is unknown
|Present, but threat severity is unknown
−|Less fruits in the ecosystem due to climate change will affect gorilla and chimpanzee populations (Bush et al. 2020).
|Less fruits in the ecosystem due to climate change will affect gorilla and chimpanzee populations (Bush et al. 2020).
|Ongoing (2020)
|Ongoing (2020)
|-
|-
−|12. Other options
+|12 Other threat
|
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|Absent
|Absent
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+|}
+
+[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
+= Conservation activities =
+
+
+
+'''Table 4. Conservation activities reported for Lopé National Park'''
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Conservation_activities-table"
+!Category
+!Specific activity
+!Description
+!Implementing organization(s)
+!Year of activity
+|-
+|5 Protection & restoration
+|5.10 Use prescribed burning within the context of home range size and use
+|Fire management programme to maintain the diversity of forest/savanna habitats in the park (Jeffrey et al. 2014).
|
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−|-
+|Ongoing (2014)
|}
|}
−[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
+= Challenges =
+'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Lopé National Park'''
+'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Lopé National Park'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
−!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
+!Challenges
−!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
+!Specific challenges
−!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+!Source
−!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+!Year(s)
|-
|-
−|1. Residential & commercial development
+|
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
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+|}
+
+= Enablers =
+
+
+
+'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Lopé National Park'''
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
+!Enablers
+!Specific enablers
+!Source
+!Year(s)
|-
|-
−|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+|1 Site management
−|Not reported
+|
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−|3. Energy production & mining
+|2 Resources and capacity
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−|5. Biological resource use
+|3 Engaged community
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−|7. Natural system modifications
+|4 Institutional support
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−|10. Education & Awareness
+|5 Ecological context
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−|12. Species Management
+|6 Safety and stability
−|
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−|
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−|}
|}
−= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
+= Research activities =
−The Station d’Etudes des Gorilles et Chimpanzes ([https://scienceparcsgabon.weebly.com/segc.html SEGC]) was established in 1983. In collaboration with the University of Stirling and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the field site has developed one of the most valuable long-term ecological databases in the region. SEGC also supports the park management and guides conservation policy.The WCS also has a long-term project at the park doing [https://gabon.wcs.org/en-us/Wild-Places/Gabons-Forests/Mandrill-Research-and-Tourism.aspx mandrill research].
−= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
+= Documented behaviours =
−'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Lopé National Park'''
+'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Lopé National Park'''
−{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
−!align="left"|Behavior
+!Behavior
!Source
!Source
|-
|-
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|Honey extraction with tools
|Honey extraction with tools
|University of Stirling 2020
|University of Stirling 2020
−|}
|}
−=External links=
+= Exposure to climate change impacts =
−[https://scienceparcsgabon.weebly.com/segc.html Station d’Etudes des Gorilles et Chimpanzes] <br>
+[https://gabon.wcs.org/en-us/Wild-Places/Gabons-Forests/Mandrill-Research-and-Tourism.aspx Lopé National Park WCS] <br>
+[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.1991.0107?casa_token=x6XDzzTXpz4AAAAA%3Awh2U5Lpqqd5rM_Ys2mqjKzQI4sgswLzaLPJL08QNnG3za0QlHsKpbE82BIhPkh1Zug5LBecvhXH9mEc& Foraging profiles of sympatric lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon]<br>
+[https://aem.asm.org/content/78/12/4281.short No Evidence for Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Humans to Wild Western Lowland Gorillas in Lopé National Park, Gabo]<br>
+= External links =
+[https://scienceparcsgabon.weebly.com/segc.html Station d’Etudes des Gorilles et Chimpanzes]
+[https://gabon.wcs.org/en-us/Wild-Places/Gabons-Forests/Mandrill-Research-and-Tourism.aspx Lopé National Park WCS]
+[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rstb.1991.0107?casa_token=x6XDzzTXpz4AAAAA%3Awh2U5Lpqqd5rM_Ys2mqjKzQI4sgswLzaLPJL08QNnG3za0QlHsKpbE82BIhPkh1Zug5LBecvhXH9mEc& Foraging profiles of sympatric lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon]
+[https://aem.asm.org/content/78/12/4281.short No Evidence for Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Humans to Wild Western Lowland Gorillas in Lopé National Park, Gabo]
+= Relevant datasets =
+= References =
= References =
−Bush, E. R., Whytock, R. C., Bahaa-el-din, L., Bourgeois, S., Bunnefeld, N., Cardoso, A. W., Dikangadissi, J. T., Dimbonda, P., Dimoto, E., Edzang Ndong, J., Jeffery, K. J., Lehmann, D., Makaga, L., Momboua, B., Momont, L. R. W., Tutin, C. E. G., White, L. J. T., Whittaker, A., & Abernethy, K. (2020). Long-term collapse in fruit availability threatens Central African forest megafauna. Science, eabc7791. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7791
−'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' 05/12/2020 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
+Jeffery, K. J., Korte, L., Palla, F., Walters, G., White, L. J. T., & Abernethy, K. A. (2014). Fire management in a changing landscape: A case study from Lopé National Park, Gabon. PARKS, 20(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2014.PARKS-20-1.KJJ.en
+University of Stirling. (2020). Stirling expert informs new study on chimpanzee behaviour. Retrieved from: https://www.stir.ac.uk/news/2020/09/stirling-expert-informs-new-study-on-chimpanzee-behaviour/
+UNESCO. (n.d.). Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda. Retrieved from: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1147/
+'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki Team''' Date:''' NA