Changes

[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]

[[Central Africa]] > [[Cameroon]] > [[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]

= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->

'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Zone_Humide_d'Ebogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''

<div style="float: right">

 

{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap

|3.393683, 11.483002~[[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]~Central chimpanzees & Western lowland gorillas

}}

 

</div>

<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|3.393683, 11.483002~[[Zone Humide d'Ebogo]]~Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla}}</div>

* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Zone Humide d'Ebogo.

* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Zone Humide d'Ebogo.

* The population sizes are unknown.

* The population sizes are unknown.

* The site was designated a Ramsar site in 2012.

* The site was designated a Ramsar site in 2012.

= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->

 

 

= Site characteristics =

The site is located about 40 km south of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The area supports several IUCN Red-Listed plant species including the African Pearwood (''Baillonella toxisperma''), Sapele (''Entandrophragma cylindricum'') and Ebony (''Diospyros crassiflora''). It also supports nationally important animal species such as the Nile Monitor (''Varanus niloticus'') and the African Python (''Python sebae'') as well as over 100 waterbird species. The temporarily flooded marshes serve as food and breeding ground for waterbirds. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2012. The forest also supports a rich diversity of non-timber forest products important to the local population both as a source of food and as a cultural heritage ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar 2012]). The area is surrounded by the Mbalyamo Forest Reserve.

The site is located about 40 km south of Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon. The area supports several IUCN Red-Listed plant species including the African Pearwood (''Baillonella toxisperma''), Sapele (''Entandrophragma cylindricum'') and Ebony (''Diospyros crassiflora''). It also supports nationally important animal species such as the Nile Monitor (''Varanus niloticus'') and the African Python (''Python sebae'') as well as over 100 waterbird species. The temporarily flooded marshes serve as food and breeding ground for waterbirds. It was designated as a Ramsar site in 2012. The forest also supports a rich diversity of non-timber forest products important to the local population both as a source of food and as a cultural heritage ([https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar 2012]). The area is surrounded by the Mbalyamo Forest Reserve.

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 1. Basic site information for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"

| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->

|Area

|30.97 km²

|30.97 km²

|-

|-

|Coordinates

|Coordinates

|3.393683, 11.483002

|Lat: 3.393683 , Lon:  11.483002

|-

|-

|Designation

|Type of site

|Forest Reserve

|Protected area (Forest Reserve)

|-

|-

|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->

|Habitat types

|Subtropical/tropical swamp forest

|Subtropical/tropical swamp forest

|}

|}

= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->

 

= Ape status =

 

 

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"

! Species

!Species

! Year

!Year

! Abundance estimate (95% CI)

!Abundance estimate (95% CI)

! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)

! Encounter rate (nests/km)

!Encounter rate (nests/km)

! Area

!Area

! Method

!Method

! Source

!Source

! Comments

!Comments

! A.P.E.S. database ID

!A.P.E.S. database ID

|-

|-

|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''

|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes''

|

|

|Zone Humide d'Ebogo

|Zone Humide d'Ebogo

|

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|

|

|Zone Humide d'Ebogo

|Zone Humide d'Ebogo

|

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|}

|}

= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->

 

= Threats =

 

'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"

!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->

!Category

!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->

!Specific threats

!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->

!Threat level

!Description

!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->

!Year of threat

!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->

|-

|-

|1. Residential & commercial development

|1 Residential & commercial development

|1.1 Housing & urban areas

|1.1 Residential areas

|Low

|Low

|Built areas around the eastern and western boundaries of the site (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Built areas around the eastern and western boundaries of the site (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Ongoing (2022)

|Ongoing (2022)

|-

|-

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|2 Agriculture & aquaculture

|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops

|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops

|High

|High

|Agriculture is a major cause of forest degradation in and around the site (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Agriculture is a major cause of forest degradation in and around the site (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Ongoing (2022)

|Ongoing (2022)

|-

|-

|3. Energy production & mining

|3 Energy production & mining

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|4. Transportation & service corridors

|4 Transportation & service corridors

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|5. Biological resource use

|5 Biological resource use

|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants

|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants

|High

|High

|Collection of NFTPs for food and medicine (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Collection of NFTPs for food and medicine (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Ongoing (2022)

|Ongoing (2022)

|-

|-

|

|5 Biological resource use

|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting

|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting

|High

|High

|Wood harvesting (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Wood harvesting (Liliane et al. 2022).

|Ongoing (2022)

|Ongoing (2022)

|-

|-

|6. Human intrusion & disturbance

|6 Human intrusions & disturbance

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|7. Natural system modifications

|7 Natural system modifications

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases

|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|9. Pollution

|9 Pollution

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|10. Geological Events

|10 Geological events

|

|

|Absent

|Absent

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

| 11. Climate change & severe weather

|11 Climate change & severe weather

|

|

|Unknown

|Unknown

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|12. Other options

|12 Other threat

|

|

|Absent

|Absent

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|Ongoing (2023)

|}

|}

= Conservation activities =       <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->

[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]

 

= Challenges =

 

 

'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"

!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->

!Challenges

!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->

!Specific challenges

!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->

!Source

!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->

!Year(s)

|-

|-

|1. Residential & commercial development

|

|Not reported

|Not reported

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|2. Agriculture & aquaculture

|1 Site management

|Not reported

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|3. Energy production & mining

|2 Resources and capacity

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|5. Biological resource use

|3 Engaged community

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|7. Natural system modifications

|4 Institutional support

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|9. Pollution

|5 Ecological context

|

|

|

|

|

|

|-

|-

|11. Habitat Protection

|6 Safety and stability

|The site is protected internationally as a Ramsar site since 2012, but the management plan and national authority for the site are unknown (UNEP-WCMC 2023).

|

|

|

|

|

|

|}

|}

= Research activities =

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"

 

!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->

 

 

 

'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"

!align="left"|Behavior

!Behavior

!Source

!Source

|-

|-

|Not reported

|Not reported

|

|

|}

|}

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

= Exposure to climate change impacts =

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

As part of a study on the exposure of African great ape sites to climate change impacts, Kiribou et al. subm. extracted climate data and data on projected extreme climate impact events for the site. Climatological characteristics were derived from observation-based climate data provided by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP, www.isimip.org). Parameters were calculated as the average across each 30-year period. For 1981-2010, the EWEMBI dataset from ISIMIP2a was used. For the two future periods (2021-2050 and 2071-2099) ISIMIP2b climate data based on four CMIP5 global climate models were used. For future projections, two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) were used. RCP 2.6 is a scenario with strong mitigation measures in which global temperatures would likely rise below 2°C. RCP 6.0 is a scenario with medium emissions in which global temperatures would likely rise up to 3°C by 2100. For the number of days with heavy precipitation events, the 98th percentile of all precipitation days (>1mm/d) was calculated for the 1979-2013 reference period as a threshold for a heavy precipitation event. Then, for each year, the number of days above that threshold was derived. The figures on temperature and precipitation anomaly show the deviation from the mean temperature and mean precipitation for the 1979-2013 reference period.

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

The estimated exposure to future extreme climate impact events (crop failure, drought, river flood, wildfire, tropical cyclone, and heatwave) is based on a published dataset by Lange et al. 2020 derived from ISIMIP2b data. The same global climate models and RCPs as described above were used. Within each 30-year period, the number of years with an extreme event and the average proportion of the site affected were calculated (see Kiribou et al. subm. for details).

'''Table 7. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 8. Estimated past and projected climatological characteristics in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima-table"

!'''Value'''

|'''1981-2010'''

!'''1981-2010'''

|'''2021-2050, RCP 2.6'''

!'''2021-2050, RCP 2.6'''

|'''2021-2050, RCP 6.0'''

!'''2021-2050, RCP 6.0'''

|'''2071-2099, RCP 2.6'''

!'''2071-2099, RCP 2.6'''

|'''2071-2099, RCP 6.0'''

!'''2071-2099, RCP 6.0'''

|-

|-

|Mean temperature [°C]

|Mean temperature [°C]

|8.5

|8.5

|9.5

|9.5

|}

|}

'''Table 8. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

'''Table 9. Projected exposure of apes to extreme climate impact events in Zone Humide d'Ebogo'''

{| border='1' cellpadding='5' cellspacing='0' class='EE-table'

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="clima2-table"

!'''Type'''

|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''

!'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''

|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''

!'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 2.6)'''

|'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''

!'''No. of years with event (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''

|'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''

!'''% of site exposed (2021-2050, RCP 6.0)'''

|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''

!'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''

|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''

!'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 2.6)'''

|'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''

!'''No. of years with event (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''

|'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''

!'''% of site exposed (2070-2099, RCP 6.0)'''

|-

|-

|Crop failure

|Crop failure

|29

|29

|0.33

|0.33

|}

|}

<div><ul>

<div><ul><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li><li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li></ul></div>

<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: PrecipAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Precipitation anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li>

 

<li style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top;"> [[File: TempAnomaly Zone Humide d Ebogo.png | 450px | thumb| right | Temperature anomaly in Zone Humide d'Ebogo]] </li>

</ul></div>

[https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar]

[https://rsis.ramsar.org/fr/ris/2068 Ramsar]

= References =

= References =

'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 26/05/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->

 

 

 

 

 

 

'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' NA