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−|3 Energy production & mining
−|
−|Absent
−|
−|
|
−|
−|-
−|10 Geological events
−|
−|Absent
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−|
−|-
−|12 Other threat
−|
−|Absent
|
−|Ongoing (2022)
−|-
−|2 Counter-wildlife crime
−|2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
−|Ranger teams search for snares based on strategic planning of patrol routes to search areas with high rates of snaring. Often snares are found around fields.
|
−|Ongoing (2022)
−|-
−|5 Protection & restoration
−|5.9 Resettle illegal human communities (i.e., in a protected area) to another location
−|In the 1980's and 1990's many human communities were resettled to be closer to roads and to reduce pressure on the national park. Current efforts are underway to resettle illegal cattle settlements out of the Totally Protected Zone of the park
= Summary =
= Summary =
−<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|20.517794 , 103.592093 ~[[Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park]]~Nomascus leucogenys}}</div>
+<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|20.517794, 103.592093~[[Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park]]~'Nomascus leucogenys''}}</div>
* Northern white-cheeked crested gibbons (''Nomascus leucogenys'') are present in Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park.
* Northern white-cheeked crested gibbons (''Nomascus leucogenys'') are present in Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park.
* The population size is unknown.
* The population size is unknown.
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|Species
−|Nomascus leucogenys
+|'Nomascus leucogenys''
|-
|-
|Area
|Area
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|-
|-
|Coordinates
|Coordinates
−|Lat: 20.517794 N , Lon: 103.592093 E
+|Lat: 20.517794 , Lon: 103.592093
|-
|-
|Type of site
|Type of site
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!Comments
!Comments
!A.P.E.S. database ID
!A.P.E.S. database ID
+!NA
+!NA
|-
|-
|''Nomascus leucogenys''
|''Nomascus leucogenys''
|2021
|2021
+|
|
|
|
|
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|888 sq. km sample semi-randomly distributed across forest cover of entire park
|888 sq. km sample semi-randomly distributed across forest cover of entire park
|Auditory survey method
|Auditory survey method
+|
|Unpublished (WCS)
|Unpublished (WCS)
|
|
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|2015
|2015
|
|
+|0.4
|57
|57
−|0.4
+|
|125.6 sq.km
|125.6 sq.km
|Fixed point triangulation
|Fixed point triangulation
+|
|Khameko et al. 2020
|Khameko et al. 2020
|Results represent a sample density from one region in the western half of the park.
|Results represent a sample density from one region in the western half of the park.
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|-
|-
|1 Residential & commercial development
|1 Residential & commercial development
+|
+|Absent
+|
+|
+|-
+|3 Energy production & mining
+|
+|Absent
+|
+|
+|-
+|10 Geological events
+|
+|Absent
+|
+|
+|-
+|12 Other threat
|
|
|Absent
|Absent
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|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
−|High
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Opium fields are cleared from the remotest areas of the park to hide them from drug eradication efforts by the government. These overlap the park's most important habitat for gibbons; degrading the forest structure and boosting the rate of the opportunistic hunting described above by keeping armed persons in the fields and gibbon habitat 4 months of every year.
|Opium fields are cleared from the remotest areas of the park to hide them from drug eradication efforts by the government. These overlap the park's most important habitat for gibbons; degrading the forest structure and boosting the rate of the opportunistic hunting described above by keeping armed persons in the fields and gibbon habitat 4 months of every year.
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
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|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
−|High
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Cattle released into the forests of the park's totally protected zone are accompanied by their owners and tenders who enter the forest armed and hunt to supplement their income and self nutrition, hunting is done entirely opportunistically and includes, at times, gibbons. Additionally, cattle owners use fire to alter the landscape in favor of grasses, degrading the habitat for native gibbons.
|Cattle released into the forests of the park's totally protected zone are accompanied by their owners and tenders who enter the forest armed and hunt to supplement their income and self nutrition, hunting is done entirely opportunistically and includes, at times, gibbons. Additionally, cattle owners use fire to alter the landscape in favor of grasses, degrading the habitat for native gibbons.
|2010-present
|2010-present
−|-
|-
|4 Transportation & service corridors
|4 Transportation & service corridors
|4.1 Roads & railroads
|4.1 Roads & railroads
−|High
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|This road was constructed under the professed purpose of national security, thus avoiding environmental impact assessment, in 2011. This has led to the informal acquisition of much of the eastern half of the park for cattle grazing and has improved access to the forests of this half of the park for opium cultivation and hunting in tandem with the cattle grazing operations.
|This road was constructed under the professed purpose of national security, thus avoiding environmental impact assessment, in 2011. This has led to the informal acquisition of much of the eastern half of the park for cattle grazing and has improved access to the forests of this half of the park for opium cultivation and hunting in tandem with the cattle grazing operations.
|2011-present
|2011-present
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|5 Biological resource use
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
−|High
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|This is the rate of encounters in 2020, primarily skewed by where the ranger teams focused patrolling. In 2020, this was primarily in the western half of the park which has been less chaotic in encroachment than the eastern half and where frequent patrolling has reduced threats through deterrence. In 2019, per 100kms patrolled (generally focusing in the same areas in the west as 2020) the average rate was: 4.2 wire snares, 2.2 firearms, and 2.7 hunting camps.
|This is the rate of encounters in 2020, primarily skewed by where the ranger teams focused patrolling. In 2020, this was primarily in the western half of the park which has been less chaotic in encroachment than the eastern half and where frequent patrolling has reduced threats through deterrence. In 2019, per 100kms patrolled (generally focusing in the same areas in the west as 2020) the average rate was: 4.2 wire snares, 2.2 firearms, and 2.7 hunting camps.
|2009 (beginning of ranger patrolling in Nam Et-Phou Louey) - present
|2009 (beginning of ranger patrolling in Nam Et-Phou Louey) - present
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|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
−|High
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|Fires started by hunters and cattle grazers for two primary purposes: (1) chasing animals into snare lines and ambushes, and (2) promotion of grasses for cattle fodder. Continued yearly burning results in substantial habitat loss for Nomascus leucogenys in Nam Et-Phou Louey.
|Fires started by hunters and cattle grazers for two primary purposes: (1) chasing animals into snare lines and ambushes, and (2) promotion of grasses for cattle fodder. Continued yearly burning results in substantial habitat loss for Nomascus leucogenys in Nam Et-Phou Louey.
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
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|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
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|1.3 Prohibit (livestock) farmers from entering protected areas
|1.3 Prohibit (livestock) farmers from entering protected areas
|A struggle. While livestock grazing inside the Totally Protected Zone is forbidden by law, the lack of enforcement of land use laws for encroachment offenses has resulted in many neighboring communities satisfied to break the law and establish cattle grazing operations with part-time residencies inside the Totally Protected Zone. Results in fires to promote grass and intensified hunting for trade, consumption, and as a result of wildlife conflict.
|A struggle. While livestock grazing inside the Totally Protected Zone is forbidden by law, the lack of enforcement of land use laws for encroachment offenses has resulted in many neighboring communities satisfied to break the law and establish cattle grazing operations with part-time residencies inside the Totally Protected Zone. Results in fires to promote grass and intensified hunting for trade, consumption, and as a result of wildlife conflict.
−|
|
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
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|1.11 Avoid building roads in key habitat or migration routes
|1.11 Avoid building roads in key habitat or migration routes
|Park is diligent to stay abreast of proposals for road building inside the Totally Protected Zone and quick to bring these matters to necessary authorities to prevent their implementation. Have not always been successful in the past and serious amounts of habitat have been lost from hastily implemented roads built across the TPZ.
|Park is diligent to stay abreast of proposals for road building inside the Totally Protected Zone and quick to bring these matters to necessary authorities to prevent their implementation. Have not always been successful in the past and serious amounts of habitat have been lost from hastily implemented roads built across the TPZ.
+|
+|Ongoing (2022)
+|-
+|2 Counter-wildlife crime
+|2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
+|Ranger teams search for snares based on strategic planning of patrol routes to search areas with high rates of snaring. Often snares are found around fields.
|
|
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
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|2.14 Employ hunters in the conservation sector to reduce their impact
|2.14 Employ hunters in the conservation sector to reduce their impact
|Hire purported ex-hunters as tour guides on eco-tourism programs
|Hire purported ex-hunters as tour guides on eco-tourism programs
−|
|
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)
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|4.4 Regularly play TV and radio announcements to raise ape conservation awareness
|4.4 Regularly play TV and radio announcements to raise ape conservation awareness
|As part of an outreach campaign, pro-conservation messages are played on village announcement systems daily for a year at a time.
|As part of an outreach campaign, pro-conservation messages are played on village announcement systems daily for a year at a time.
+|
+|Ongoing (2022)
+|-
+|5 Protection & restoration
+|5.9 Resettle illegal human communities (i.e., in a protected area) to another location
+|In the 1980's and 1990's many human communities were resettled to be closer to roads and to reduce pressure on the national park. Current efforts are underway to resettle illegal cattle settlements out of the Totally Protected Zone of the park
|
|
|Ongoing (2022)
|Ongoing (2022)