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Line 6:
Line 6:
!Method
|266
|350
|Ongoing (2021)
−|-
−|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
−|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
−|Land conversion for agriculture
−|Ongoing (2021)
−|-
−|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
−|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
−|Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4056 UNESCO 2021]).
−|Ongoing (2021)
−|-
−|3 Energy production & mining
−|3.1 Oil & gas drilling
−|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
−|Concerns over potential oil exploitation and exploration ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4056 UNESCO 2021]).
−|Ongoing (2021)
−|-
−|4 Transportation & service corridors
−|4.1 Roads & railroads
−|Present (severity unknown)
−|Different roads across the park are present in Virunga National park, e.g., between Mutwanga- Beni-Karuruma-Kambo-Ishasha-Nyakakoma-Rutshuru-Kanyabayonga (Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021).
|
−|Ongoing (2021)
−|-
−|5 Protection & restoration
−|5.7 Build fences to keep humans out
−|Construction of fences. Building fences to reduce the movement of animals from the park and stop human encroachment and poachers
= Summary =
= Summary =
−<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-0.250721, 29.391204~[[Virunga National Park]]~Gorilla beringei beringei}}</div>
+<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-0.250721, 29.391204~[[Virunga National Park]]~'Gorilla beringei beringei''}}</div>
* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''), Grauer's gorillas (''Gorilla beringei graueri'') and mountain gorillas (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') are present in Virunga National Park.
* Eastern chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii''), Grauer's gorillas (''Gorilla beringei graueri'') and mountain gorillas (''Gorilla beringei beringei'') are present in Virunga National Park.
* It has been estimated that 6 eastern lowland gorillas and over 350 mountain gorillas occur in the site; the chimpanzee population is unknown.
* It has been estimated that 6 eastern lowland gorillas and over 350 mountain gorillas occur in the site; the chimpanzee population is unknown.
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|Species
−|Gorilla beringei beringei
+|'Gorilla beringei beringei''
|-
|-
|Area
|Area
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Line 52:
!Species
!Species
!Year
!Year
+!Occurrence
+!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
+!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+!Survey area
−!Encounter rate (nests/km)
+!Sampling method
−!Area
+!Analytical framework
−!Source
!Source
!Comments
!Comments
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|''Gorilla beringei beringei''
|''Gorilla beringei beringei''
|2016
|2016
−|
|
|
|
+|
+|266
|Virunga National Park
|Virunga National Park
|Genetic (dung/hair)
|Genetic (dung/hair)
+|
|Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021
|Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021
|
|
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|''Gorilla beringei beringei''
|''Gorilla beringei beringei''
|2021
|2021
−|
|
|
|
+|
+|350
|Virunga National Park
|Virunga National Park
|Genetic (dung/hair)
|Genetic (dung/hair)
+|
|Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021
|Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021
|
|
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!Description
!Description
!Year of threat
!Year of threat
+|-
+|12 Other threat
+|
+|Absent
+|
+|
|-
|-
|1 Residential & commercial development
|1 Residential & commercial development
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|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|New villages built in the park: Kasindi/Lubiriha and Kilorirwe (Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021).
|New villages built in the park: Kasindi/Lubiriha and Kilorirwe (Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021).
−|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|-
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|Deforestation for charcoal production
+|Deforestation for charcoal production.
|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|-
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|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|-
−|7 Natural system modifications
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−|
+|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
−|Unknown
+|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
−|
+|Land conversion for agriculture.
−|
+|Ongoing (2021)
+|-
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
+|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
+|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
+|Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4056 UNESCO 2021]).
+|Ongoing (2021)
+|-
+|3 Energy production & mining
+|3.1 Oil & gas drilling
+|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
+|Concerns over potential oil exploitation and exploration ([https://whc.unesco.org/en/soc/4056 UNESCO 2021]).
+|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|-
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
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|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2021)
|-
|-
−|11 Climate change & severe weather
+|4 Transportation & service corridors
+|4.1 Roads & railroads
+|Present (unknown severity)
+|Different roads across the park are present in Virunga National park, e.g., between Mutwanga- Beni-Karuruma-Kambo-Ishasha-Nyakakoma-Rutshuru-Kanyabayonga (Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021).
+|Ongoing (2021)
+|-
+|7 Natural system modifications
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
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|
|
|-
|-
−|12 Other threat
+|11 Climate change & severe weather
|
|
−|Absent
+|Unknown
|
|
|
|
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|2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
|2.6 Regularly de-activate/remove ground snares
|Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021
|Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021
−|
|
|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2021)
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|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
|4.2 Involve local community in ape research and conservation management
|Virunga Foundation recruits members of the local community (HUGO), who receive a stipend for patrolling and gathering data (Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021).
|Virunga Foundation recruits members of the local community (HUGO), who receive a stipend for patrolling and gathering data (Shengeri, A.R., pers. comm. 2021).
+|
+|Ongoing (2021)
+|-
+|5 Protection & restoration
+|5.7 Build fences to keep humans out
+|Construction of fences. Building fences to reduce the movement of animals from the park and stop human encroachment and poachers
|
|
|Ongoing (2021)
|Ongoing (2021)