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Line 6:
Line 6:
!Method
|Present
|83
|0.08-0.240
|-
−|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
−|
−|Absent
−|
−|
|
−|
−|-
−|9 Pollution
−|
−|Absent
−|
−|
−|-
−|10 Geological events
−|
−|Absent
|
−|
−|-
−|12 Other threat
−|
−|Absent
= Summary =
= Summary =
−<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|11.73, -12.74~[[Nialama Classified Forest]]~Pan troglodytes verus}}</div>
+<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|11.73, -12.74~[[Nialama Classified Forest]]~'Pan troglodytes verus''}}</div>
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Nialama Classified Forest.
* Western chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes verus'') are present in Nialama Classified Forest.
* It has been estimated that more than 80 chimpanzees occur in and around Nialama Classified Forest.
* It has been estimated that more than 80 chimpanzees occur in and around Nialama Classified Forest.
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
|Species
|Species
−|Pan troglodytes verus
+|'Pan troglodytes verus''
|-
|-
|Area
|Area
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Line 50:
!Species
!Species
!Year
!Year
+!Occurrence
+!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
+!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+!Survey area
−!Encounter rate (nests/km)
+!Sampling method
−!Area
+!Analytical framework
−!Source
!Source
!Comments
!Comments
Line 61:
Line 63:
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1997
|1997
+|Present
+|
|
|
|
|
−|Nialama forest
|Nialama forest
|Reconnaissance walk
|Reconnaissance walk
+|
|Ham 1998
|Ham 1998
|Reconnaissance survey
|Reconnaissance survey
Line 72:
Line 76:
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|1998-1999
|1998-1999
−|
|
|
|
+|
+|83
|~125 km²
|~125 km²
|Reconnaissance walk
|Reconnaissance walk
+|
|Fourrier 1999, Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 and Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|Fourrier 1999, Carter 2000 as cited in Kormos et al. 2003 and Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|Community members repeatedly and systematically visited 1 km² grid cells to determine area used by chimpanzees
|Community members repeatedly and systematically visited 1 km² grid cells to determine area used by chimpanzees
Line 83:
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|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2006-2008
|2006-2008
+|
+|0.08-0.240
|
|
|
|
−|Within and outside Nialama forest
|Within and outside Nialama forest
|Line transects
|Line transects
+|
|Carter 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|Carter 2008 as cited in Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011
|Total survey effort: 3483.84 km
|Total survey effort: 3483.84 km
Line 105:
Line 113:
!Year of threat
!Year of threat
|-
|-
−|1 Residential & commercial development
+|3 Energy production & mining
−|1.1 Residential areas
+|
−|Medium
+|Absent
−|Two villages within the forest, additional villages in the vicinity (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
+|
−|Ongoing (2011)
+|
+|-
+|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
+|
+|Absent
+|
+|
|-
|-
−|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
+|9 Pollution
−|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
+|
−|High
+|Absent
−|Agricultural very prevalent across the site, especially in the western part of the site (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
+|
−|Ongoing (2019)
+|
|-
|-
−|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
+|10 Geological events
−|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
+|
−|Medium
+|Absent
−|Area used for cattle grazing (PEGG 2012)
+|
−|Ongoing (2012)
+|
|-
|-
−|3 Energy production & mining
+|12 Other threat
|
|
|Absent
|Absent
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|
|
|-
|-
−|4 Transportation & service corridors
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
−|4.1 Roads & railroads
+|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
−|Present
+|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−|Trail system used by villagers (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
+|Agricultural very prevalent across the site, especially in the western part of the site (BirdLife International 2019, Kormos et al. 2003, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
−|Ongoing (2011)
+|2003-Ongoing (2019)
|-
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5 Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
−|Low
+|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
|Retaliatory killings of chimpanzees after crop raiding, but generally social norms forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Conflicts between humans and chimpanzees over dry season water sources is intense and may lead to retaliation (Fourrier 1999).
|Retaliatory killings of chimpanzees after crop raiding, but generally social norms forbid the hunting and eating of chimpanzees (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011). Conflicts between humans and chimpanzees over dry season water sources is intense and may lead to retaliation (Fourrier 1999).
|Ongoing (2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|-
−|5 Biological resource use
+|1 Residential & commercial development
−|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
+|1.1 Residential areas
−|Present
+|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
−|Gathering of non-forest timber products permitted and regulated under the management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
+|Two villages within the forest, additional villages in the vicinity (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|Ongoing (2011)
+|-
+|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
+|2.3 Livestock farming & ranching
+|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
+|Area used for cattle grazing (PEGG 2012).
+|Ongoing (2012)
|-
|-
|5 Biological resource use
|5 Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
−|Medium
+|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
−|Large-sale logging in the 1980s which markedly changed the habitat composition (BirdLife International 2019)
+|Large-sale logging in the 1980s which markedly changed the habitat composition (BirdLife International 2019).
|1980s
|1980s
−|-
|-
|7 Natural system modifications
|7 Natural system modifications
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
−|Medium
+|Medium (30-70% of population affected)
−|Fire are set for clearing areas for agricultural use and grass regrowth (Fourrier 1999. BirdLife International 2019, PEGG 2012, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011)
+|Fire are set for clearing areas for agricultural use and grass regrowth (Fourrier 1999. BirdLife International 2019, PEGG 2012, Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2019)
|Ongoing (2019)
+|-
+|4 Transportation & service corridors
+|4.1 Roads & railroads
+|Present (unknown severity)
+|Trail system used by villagers (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
+|Ongoing (2011)
+|-
+|5 Biological resource use
+|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
+|Present (unknown severity)
+|Gathering of non-forest timber products permitted and regulated under the management plan (Sunderland-Groves et al. 2011).
+|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|-
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|
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|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
−|
|
|
|