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[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve]]
[[West Africa]] > [[Ghana]] > [[Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve]]
'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' |
'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' |
'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' |
'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/The_A.P.E.S._Wiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve is a Tropical Semi-Deciduous Forest. It is home to pangolins, duikers, and monkeys, among other species. The area also has a good forest but exploitation of the Forest and other activities are reducing the status of the forest cover (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve is a tropical semi-deciduous forest. It is home to pangolins, duikers, and monkeys, among other species. The area also has a good forest but exploitation of the Forest and other activities are reducing the status of the forest cover (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
| Species
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|-
| Area
|31.4 km²
|31.4 km²
|-
|-
|7.050600, -2.695950
|7.050600, -2.695950
|-
|-
|Designation
|Type of site
|Forest Reserve
|Protected area (Forest Reserve)
|-
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Governance type
|Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland Forest
|
|-
|Habitat type
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest
|}
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
[[Types of sites]] ⋅ [[Governance types]] ⋅ [[Habitat types]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
! Species
! Species
! Year
! Year
! Occurrence
! Encounter or visitation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
! Density estimate [ind/ km²] (95% CI)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
! Survey area
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
! Sampling method
! Area
! Analytical framework
! Source
! Source
! Comments
! Comments
|-
|-
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|''Pan troglodytes verus''
|2023
|Present
|
|
|
|
|
|
|Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve
|Bia Shelter Belt FR
|
|
|
|
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|
|
|
|}
|}
[[Sampling methods]] ⋅ [[Analytical frameworks]]
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Specific threats
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Threat level
!Description
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
|
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|
|Unknown
|Unknown
|
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|
|Unknown
|Unknown
|
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|Unknown
|Unknown
|
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|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Biological resource use
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
|5.1.1 Subsistence bushmeat hunting
|Medium
|Medium
|Farmers and hunters get most of their livelihood from the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Farmers and hunters get most of their livelihood from the Forest Reserve (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|
|5. Biological resource use
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|High
|High
|Part of the area was under timber concession until 2019. Illegal logging and collection of forest products are still taking place (since 1980s but intensified from 2005 up to date) (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Part of the area was under timber concession until 2019. Illegal logging and collection of forest products are still taking place (since 1980s but intensified from 2005 up to date) (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|2005-Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
|
|
|
|
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|7.1 Fire & fire suppression
|Low
|Low
|Sometimes the forest catches fire and destroys part of the forest, which changes the structure of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Sometimes the forest catches fire and destroys part of the forest, which changes the structure of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|
|
|Unknown
|Unknown
|
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Absent
|Absent
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|Unknown
|Unknown
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|Absent
|Absent
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|-
|-
|}
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
[[Threats]]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
Forestry Commission staff undertake patrols within the forest and carry out conservation education in the communities on the best conservation practices. The Forestry Commission is making efforts to intensify protection by deploying reinforcement teams from Ghana Forest RAPID RESPONSE TEAMS to the area to support the protection of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
Forestry Commission staff undertake patrols within the forest and carry out conservation education in the communities on the best conservation practices. The Forestry Commission is making efforts to intensify protection by deploying reinforcement teams from Ghana Forest Rapid Response Teams to the area to support the protection of the forest (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Specific activity
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Description
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Implementing organization
!Year of activity
|-
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|1. Development impact mitigation
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2. Counter-wildlife crime
|2.3 Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|Wildlife staff and Forest Guards undertake patrols in the reserve to control illegalities (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|3. Species health
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|4. Education & awareness
|4.1 Educate local communities about apes and sustainable use
|
|
|
|Conservation education is carried out by Wildlife staff (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|5. Protection & restoration
|Not reported
|5.2 Legally protect ape habitat
|
|
|
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5. Protection & restoration
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|5.6 Habitat restoration
|Wildlife staff and Forest Guards undertake patrols in the reserve to control illegalities (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Enrichment planting is ongoing in the Forest Reserve and the trees are doing very well (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|
|Ongoing (2023)
|Ongoing (2023)
|-
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|6. Species management
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|7. Economic & other incentives
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|8. Permanent presence
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities]]
= Conservation implementation challenges and enablers = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
Restrictions into Forest Reserves are not the same as for National Parks and Resource reserves; as a result, illegal offtake control has not been so effective and the increase of population and demand for resources for their livelihood has made effective conservation difficult. Inadequate staffing, bad roads, little field equipment, no survey equipment, lack of vehicles, inadequate funding etc. hampers protection (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Challenge
!Source
!Year(s)
|-
|-
|9. Pollution
|1. Site management
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|2. Resources & capacity
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|2.2 Lack of staff
|Conservation education is carried out by Wildlife staff (Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023).
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|Ongoing (2023)
|
|-
|2. Resources & capacity
|2.5 Lack of equipment/transportation
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|-
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|3. Engaged community
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|3.1 General lack of community engagement or support
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|
|-
|-
|4. Institutional support
|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|
|
|-
|-
|12. Species Management
|5. Ecological context
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|6. Safety & stability
|Not reported
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
[[Challenges]]
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enablers-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Enabler
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
!Source
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!Year(s)
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
|-
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|1. Site management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Resources & capacity
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|Lack of human resources
|3. Engaged community
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|Lack of law enforcement
|4. Institutional support
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|Lack of trust and support from local communities
|5. Ecological context
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|Lack of logistical means
|6. Safety & stability
|Ofori-Amanfo pers. obs. 2023
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
[[Enablers]]
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
'''Table 7. Ape behaviors reported for Bia Shelter Belt Forest Reserve'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!align="left"|Behavior
= References =
= References =
Kiribou, R., Tehoda, P., Chukwu, O., Bempah, G., Kühl, H. S., Ferreira, J., ... & Heinicke, S. (2024). Exposure of African ape sites to climate change impacts. PLOS Climate, 3(2), e0000345.<br>
Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., ... & Frieler, K. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8(12), e2020EF001616.<br>
<br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo''' Date:''' 09/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
'''Page completed by: '''Richard Ofori-Amanfo''' Date:''' 09/11/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->