Difference between revisions of "Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)"

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[[Central Africa]] > [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] > [[Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]]
 
[[Central Africa]] > [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] > [[Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]]
  
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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'''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Eastern_block_(Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba,_TL2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Eastern_block_(Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba,_TL2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Eastern_block_(Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba,_TL2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Eastern_block_(Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba,_TL2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Eastern_block_(Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba,_TL2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]'''
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<div style="float: right">
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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__TOC__
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| -1.711684, 25.061206~[[Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]]~Bonobos
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= Summary =
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}}
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</div>
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<div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-1.711684, 25.061206~[[Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)]]~'Pan paniscus''}}</div>
 
* Bonobos (''Pan paniscus'') are present in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2).
 
* Bonobos (''Pan paniscus'') are present in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2).
 
* It has been estimated that a minimum of 5,000 individuals occur in the site.
 
* It has been estimated that a minimum of 5,000 individuals occur in the site.
Line 22: Line 14:
 
* Conservation activities are not documented.
 
* Conservation activities are not documented.
  
−
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
+
 
 +
= Site characteristics =
  
 
Unlike the Northern, Southern and Western blocks, most of the Eastern block (also known as the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba or TL2 block) is not part of a Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP) or Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (CFAC) landscape, because its biological importance was only revealed since 2007, through surveys (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The block stresches from from the Tshuapa River basin in the west to the Lualaba (Congo) River in the east. The western part of TL2 is contiguous with the Sankuru Natural Reserve. [[Lomami National Park]] is found within the TL2 block.
 
Unlike the Northern, Southern and Western blocks, most of the Eastern block (also known as the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba or TL2 block) is not part of a Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP) or Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (CFAC) landscape, because its biological importance was only revealed since 2007, through surveys (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The block stresches from from the Tshuapa River basin in the west to the Lualaba (Congo) River in the east. The western part of TL2 is contiguous with the Sankuru Natural Reserve. [[Lomami National Park]] is found within the TL2 block.
  
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
 
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table"
−
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
+
|Species
 +
|'Pan paniscus''
 +
|-
 +
|Area
 
|20,000 km²
 
|20,000 km²
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Coordinates
 
|Coordinates
−
| -1.711684, 25.061206
+
|Lat: -1.711684 , Lon:  25.061206
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Designation
+
|Type of site
−
|Unclassified
+
|Non-protected area
 
|-
 
|-
−
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
+
|Habitat types
−
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical swamp forest, moist savanna
+
|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Savanna
 +
|-
 +
|Type of governance
 +
|
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 
  
−
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
 +
= Ape status =
  
 
Through analysis of all available data from surveys conducted between 2003–2010, it has been estimated that there is a minimum population of 5,000 individuals in the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba block, making it an important stronghold for bonobos (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
Through analysis of all available data from surveys conducted between 2003–2010, it has been estimated that there is a minimum population of 5,000 individuals in the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba block, making it an important stronghold for bonobos (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
  
−
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
+
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table"
−
! Species
+
!Species
−
! Year
+
!Year
−
! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
+
!Occurrence
−
! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
+
!Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day)
−
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
+
!Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
−
! Area
+
!Abundance estimate (95% CI)
−
! Method
+
!Survey area
−
! Source
+
!Sampling method
−
! Comments
+
!Analytical framework
−
! A.P.E.S. database ID
+
!Source
 +
!Comments
 +
!A.P.E.S. database ID
 
|-
 
|-
 
|''Pan paniscus''
 
|''Pan paniscus''
 
|2003-2010
 
|2003-2010
−
|5000
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
|5000
 
|Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)
 
|Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)
−
|Model estimate
+
|Other
 +
|
 
|[https://www.iucngreatapes.org/bonobo IUCN & ICCN 2012]
 
|[https://www.iucngreatapes.org/bonobo IUCN & ICCN 2012]
 
|minimum estimate
 
|minimum estimate
Line 71: Line 74:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
= Threats =     <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
+
= Threats =
  
 
Although large parts of the area are uninhabited, bonobos and other wildlife are under intense pressure from the commercial bushmeat trade. In addition, the presence of slash-and-burn agriculture and artisanal logging are also threats in the TL2 block. No industrial logging or mining operations exist in the area, but parts of the forest are fragmented in and around the Sankuru reserve (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
Although large parts of the area are uninhabited, bonobos and other wildlife are under intense pressure from the commercial bushmeat trade. In addition, the presence of slash-and-burn agriculture and artisanal logging are also threats in the TL2 block. No industrial logging or mining operations exist in the area, but parts of the forest are fragmented in and around the Sankuru reserve (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
  
−
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
+
'''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
+
!Category
−
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
+
!Specific threats
−
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
+
!Threat level
−
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
+
!Description
−
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Year of threat
−
!Year of threat <!--  Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|10 Geological events
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|12 Other threat
−
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 
−
|Present, but threat severity unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|Slash-and-burn agriculture (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
−
|Ongoing (2012)
 
−
|-
 
−
|3. Energy production & mining
 
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Absent
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|5 Biological resource use
−
|
 
−
|Unknown
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|5. Biological resource use
 
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
 
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
−
|High
+
|High (more than 70% of population affected)
−
|
 
 
|Intense hunting pressure from commercial bushmeat trade (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
|Intense hunting pressure from commercial bushmeat trade (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|5 Biological resource use
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
 
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
−
|Low
+
|Low (up to 30% of population affected)
−
|
 
 
|Artisanal logging (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
|Artisanal logging (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|Ongoing (2012)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|2 Agriculture & aquaculture
 +
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
 +
|Present (unknown severity)
 +
|Slash-and-burn agriculture (IUCN & ICCN 2012).
 +
|Ongoing (2012)
 +
|-
 +
|1 Residential & commercial development
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|3 Energy production & mining
 +
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|7. Natural system modifications
+
|4 Transportation & service corridors
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|6 Human intrusions & disturbance
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|9. Pollution
+
|7 Natural system modifications
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Geological Events
+
|8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases
−
|
 
−
|Absent
 
 
|
 
|
 +
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
+
|9 Pollution
 
|
 
|
 
|Unknown
 
|Unknown
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Other options
+
|11 Climate change & severe weather
 
|
 
|
−
|Absent
+
|Unknown
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
  
−
= Conservation activities =       <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
+
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 +
= Conservation activities =
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= Challenges =
 +
 
 +
 
  
−
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table"
−
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
+
!Challenges
−
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
+
!Specific challenges
−
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Source
−
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
+
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|1. Residential & commercial development
+
|4 Institutional support
−
|Not reported
+
|4.1 Lack of law enforcement
−
|
+
|IUCN & ICCN 2012
 
|
 
|
 +
|}
 +
 +
= Enablers =
 +
 +
 +
 +
'''Table 6. Enablers reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table"
 +
!Enablers
 +
!Specific enablers
 +
!Source
 +
!Year(s)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
+
|1 Site management
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|3. Energy production & mining
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|4. Transportation & service corridors
+
|2 Resources and capacity
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|5. Biological resource use
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
+
|3 Engaged community
−
|Not reported
 
−
|
 
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
−
|7. Natural system modifications
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
+
|4 Institutional support
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|9. Pollution
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|10. Education & Awareness
+
|5 Ecological context
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|11. Habitat Protection
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|12. Species Management
+
|6 Safety and stability
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
−
|
 
−
|-
 
−
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
 
−
|Not reported
 
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
  
−
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
+
= Research activities =
 +
 
 +
 
  
−
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
+
= Documented behaviours =
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
 
−
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
−
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
 
−
|-
 
−
|Lack of law enforcement
 
−
|IUCN & ICCN 2012
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
−
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
  
−
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
  
−
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
+
'''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)'''
−
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
+
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior
+
!Behavior
 
!Source
 
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
 
|Not reported
 
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
−
|-
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
=External links=
+
= Exposure to climate change impacts =
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= External links =
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
= Relevant datasets =
 +
 
 +
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
IUCN & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp. Online: https://www.iucngreatapes.org/bonobo <br>
 
  
−
<br>
+
IUCN & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp. Online: https://www.iucngreatapes.org/bonobo
−
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 30/05/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
+
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' NA

Revision as of 09:14, 18 March 2025

Central Africa > Democratic Republic of the Congo > Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

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Summary

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  • Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are present in Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2).
  • It has been estimated that a minimum of 5,000 individuals occur in the site.
  • The population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 20,000 km².
  • Key threats to bonobos are poaching, habitat destruction and degradation, risk of disease transmission.
  • Conservation activities are not documented.


Site characteristics

Unlike the Northern, Southern and Western blocks, most of the Eastern block (also known as the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba or TL2 block) is not part of a Congo Basin Forest Partnership (CBFP) or Commission des Forêts d’Afrique Centrale (CFAC) landscape, because its biological importance was only revealed since 2007, through surveys (IUCN & ICCN 2012). The block stresches from from the Tshuapa River basin in the west to the Lualaba (Congo) River in the east. The western part of TL2 is contiguous with the Sankuru Natural Reserve. Lomami National Park is found within the TL2 block.

Table 1. Basic site information for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

Species 'Pan paniscus
Area 20,000 km²
Coordinates Lat: -1.711684 , Lon: 25.061206
Type of site Non-protected area
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, Subtropical/tropical swamp forest, Savanna
Type of governance

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Through analysis of all available data from surveys conducted between 2003–2010, it has been estimated that there is a minimum population of 5,000 individuals in the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba block, making it an important stronghold for bonobos (IUCN & ICCN 2012).

Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

Species Year Occurrence Encounter or vistation rate (nests/km; ind/day) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Abundance estimate (95% CI) Survey area Sampling method Analytical framework Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan paniscus 2003-2010 5000 Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2) Other IUCN & ICCN 2012 minimum estimate

Threats

Although large parts of the area are uninhabited, bonobos and other wildlife are under intense pressure from the commercial bushmeat trade. In addition, the presence of slash-and-burn agriculture and artisanal logging are also threats in the TL2 block. No industrial logging or mining operations exist in the area, but parts of the forest are fragmented in and around the Sankuru reserve (IUCN & ICCN 2012).

Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

Category Specific threats Threat level Description Year of threat
10 Geological events Absent
12 Other threat Absent
5 Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High (more than 70% of population affected) Intense hunting pressure from commercial bushmeat trade (IUCN & ICCN 2012). Ongoing (2012)
5 Biological resource use 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting Low (up to 30% of population affected) Artisanal logging (IUCN & ICCN 2012). Ongoing (2012)
2 Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Present (unknown severity) Slash-and-burn agriculture (IUCN & ICCN 2012). Ongoing (2012)
1 Residential & commercial development Unknown
3 Energy production & mining Unknown
4 Transportation & service corridors Unknown
6 Human intrusions & disturbance Unknown
7 Natural system modifications Unknown
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases Unknown
9 Pollution Unknown
11 Climate change & severe weather Unknown

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

Challenges Specific challenges Source Year(s)
4 Institutional support 4.1 Lack of law enforcement IUCN & ICCN 2012

Enablers

Table 6. Enablers reported for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

Enablers Specific enablers Source Year(s)
1 Site management
2 Resources and capacity
3 Engaged community
4 Institutional support
5 Ecological context
6 Safety and stability

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 7. Behaviours documented for Eastern block (Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba, TL2)

Behavior Source
Not reported

Exposure to climate change impacts

External links

Relevant datasets

References

IUCN & ICCN (2012). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. 65 pp. Online: https://www.iucngreatapes.org/bonobo


Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: NA

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