Difference between revisions of "Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park"

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<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SITE INFORMATION
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<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
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- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
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   3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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   2) Keyword format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.  
 
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    to the relevant table or keyword list. This ensures that the same keyword always refers to the same concept, e.g. Everybody uses "Industrial mining",  
 
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    rather than several keywords such as "Industrial mining", "Large-scale mining", and "Mining".  
 
 
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[[Asia]] > [[Indonesia]] > [[Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park]]
  
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[[Region]] > [[Country]] > [[Site]]
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
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<div style="float: right">
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= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with a one sentence overview of each of the following sections. can include a site map -->
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{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
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| -0.66, 112.67~[[Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park]]~Central Bornean Orangutan
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* Ape taxa present  
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* Ape population size
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* Ape population trend  
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* Central Bornean Orangutans (''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii'') are present in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park.
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* This site has a total size of XX km².
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* It has been estimated that 675 individuals occur in the site.
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* Key threats to apes are ...
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* The orangutan population trend is unknown.
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* Additional information
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* The site has a total size of 1,810 km².
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* Key threats to orangutans are illegal logging and hunting.
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* Conservation activities have focused on providing affordable healthcare, monitoring of  illegal activities by community members, reintroduction of orangutans.
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* The site is a release site for rehabilitated orangutans.
  
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= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
  
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= Site characteristics =
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Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park is located on the Schwaner mountains between West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. The land is dominated by lower mountain forest, lowland evergreen forest and upper mountain forest (BirdLife International 2022).
  
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'''Table 1. Basic site information for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
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'''Table 1: Basic site information for XXXX'''
 
 
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
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| Area             <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha   -->
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| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
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|1,810 km²
 
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| Coordinates
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|Coordinates
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| -0.662290 S, 112.677723 E
 
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| Designation     <!-- National Park, Nature Reserve, etc.  -->
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|Designation
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|National Park
 
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|Habitat types   <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (Without number), see link below -->
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|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
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|Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
 
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[http://www.unitar.org/hiroshima/sites/unitar.org.hiroshima/files/Annex%201%20-%20IUCN%20Classification%20Schemes.pdf IUCN habitat categories]   [[Site designations]]
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
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<br>
 
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= Ape status =  <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
 
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= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
  
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This section includes a brief summary of the survey history, the most recent abundance estimate, date of the estimate, and, if available, the population trend (if explicitely stated in a report/paper).
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Based on the 2007-2017 Indonesian Action Plan, the estimated orangutan population in Bukit Baka (350 sq km) was 175 individuals, and in Bukit Raya (500 sq km) 500 individuals (Ministry of Forestry 2009).
  
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'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
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'''Table 2: Ape population estimates in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
 
! Species
 
! Species
 
! Year
 
! Year
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! Abundance estimate (95% confidence interval)
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! Abundance estimate (95% CI)
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! Density estimate (per km²)
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! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Encounter rate (nests/km)
 
! Area
 
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! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
! A.P.E.S. database ID
 
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|''Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii''
 
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= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
 
= Threats =    <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
  
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Illegal logging and hunting represent primary sources of income for neighbouring communities (Finley 2019).
  
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This sections describes threats at the site, particularly those relevant for apes and thereby provides context for the threats listed in the table below.
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'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
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'''Table 3: Threats to apes in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific threats   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
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!Threat level       <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: unknown, low, high -->
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!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- e.g., encounter rate, number of miners etc. (with reference)-->
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!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of threat     <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets-->
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!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
 
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|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
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|Unknown
 
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|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
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|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops
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|High
 
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|Slash-and-burn rice cultivation, rubber tree plantations (Finley 2019).
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|Ongoing (2019)
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|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
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|Unknown
 
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|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
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|Unknown
 
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|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
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|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals
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|High
 
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|Illegal hunting (Finley 2019).
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|Ongoing (2019)
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|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
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|High
 
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|Illegal logging (Finley 2019).
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|Ongoing (2019)
 
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|Unknown
 
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|Unknown
 
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|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
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|Unknown
 
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|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
 
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|Absent
 
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|12. Other options
 
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[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
 
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
  
 +
= Conservation activities =      <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
  
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The park is a critical release site for rehabilitated orangutans.
  
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= Conservation activities =      <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
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'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
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This sections describes conservation interventions implemented at the site, including information on which organizations are implementing them and thereby provides context for the conservation activities listed in the table below.
 
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'''Table 4: Conservation activities in XXXX'''
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
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!align="left"|Category <!-- Do not change threat categories -->
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!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
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!Specific activity   <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the list linked below -->
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!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
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!Description         <!-- You can add descriptive information here -->
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!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
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!Year of activity         <!-- if ongoing or unknown add year of reference in brackets -->
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!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
 
|-
 
|-
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
 
|1. Residential & commercial development
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
 
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|3. Energy production & mining
 
|3. Energy production & mining
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|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
 
|4. Transportation & service corridors
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|5. Biological resource use
 
|5. Biological resource use
−
|
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|Not reported
 
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|
 
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|-
 
|-
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|6. Human intrusions & disturbance
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|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
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|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|7. Natural system modifications
 
|7. Natural system modifications
−
|
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|Not reported
 
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|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
 
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
−
|
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|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|9. Pollution
 
|9. Pollution
−
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|Not reported
 
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|-
 
|-
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
 
|10. Education & Awareness  
−
|
+
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
−
|
+
|[https://healthinharmony.org/rainforests-and-communities/ Health in Harmony] selected nine community members to become “forest guardians” who monitor illegal logging activity and help their neighbours access health services (Finley 2019).
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2019)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|11. Habitat Protection
 
|11. Habitat Protection
−
|
+
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
−
|
+
|The site is classified as a National Park.
−
|
+
|Ongoing (2022)
 
|-
 
|-
 
|12. Species Management
 
|12. Species Management
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|
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|12.16. Reintroduce primates as single/multiple individuals
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|
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|Since 2016, the Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation has worked in collaboration with the National Park authorities, the Central Kalimantan BKSDA, and USAID LESTARI to facilitate the release of rehabilitated orangutans, and three wild orangutans that were translocated from conflict areas ([https://www.orangutan.or.id/working-together-in-the-bukit-baka-bukit-raya-national-park BOS Foundation]).
−
|
+
|Ongoing
 
|-
 
|-
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
 
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives  
−
|
+
|13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development)
−
|
+
|Health In Harmony provides accessible and affordable healthcare, as well as workshops in composting and soil regeneration ([https://healthinharmony.org/rainforests-and-communities/ Health in Harmony]).
−
|
+
|Ongoing
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
 
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
  
 +
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
  
−
 
+
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
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= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
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!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
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Description of impediments that may hamper conservation activities.
 
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'''Table 5: Impediments reported for XXXX'''
 
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="impediments-table"
 
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!align="left"|Impediment  <!-- Do not change categories -->
 
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!Source   <!-- source for impediment mentioned -->
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
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+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
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= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
 
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
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−
 
−
Short description of past and ongoing research activities at the site.
 
−
 
  
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
 
===Documented behaviours===  <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
  
−
'''Table 6: Ape behaviors reported for XXXX'''
+
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park'''
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
−
!align="left"|Behavior <!-- Do not change categories -->
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!align="left"|Behavior
−
!Source   <!-- source for behavior -->
+
!Source
 
|-
 
|-
−
|
+
|Not reported
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
=External links=
  
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
===Relevant datasets===
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
 
[http://apesportal.eva.mpg.de/database/archiveMap A.P.E.S Portal]
−
 
−
<br>
 
−
 
  
 
= References =
 
= References =
−
 
+
BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 17/02/2022.<br>
 +
Finley, N. (2019, June 12). Out on a limb: Unlikely collaboration boosts orangutans in Borneo. Mongabay Series: Great Apes. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/out-on-a-limb-unlikely-collaboration-boosts-orangutans-in-borneo/<br>
 +
Ministry of Forestry. (2009). Orangutan Indonesia Conservation Strategies and Action Plan 2007-2017. Jakarta, Indonesia. https://www.iucngreatapes.org/_files/ugd/16b29f_747d55ccae744ecfba2b86c42ef64cc0.pdf <br>
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
'''Page completed by:'''XXXX '''   Date:''' DD/MM/YY  <br>
+
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 18/02/2022 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
−
 
 
−
<i>Please consider whether any information you would like to add is sensitive and could be misused to harm apes. Please do not add such information. If unsure, you can contact the Wiki manager (contact details on start page) for clarification.</i>
 
−
<br><br>
 

Latest revision as of 06:08, 21 February 2022

Asia > Indonesia > Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Summary[edit]

Loading map...
  • Central Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) are present in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 675 individuals occur in the site.
  • The orangutan population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 1,810 km².
  • Key threats to orangutans are illegal logging and hunting.
  • Conservation activities have focused on providing affordable healthcare, monitoring of illegal activities by community members, reintroduction of orangutans.
  • The site is a release site for rehabilitated orangutans.

Site characteristics[edit]

Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park is located on the Schwaner mountains between West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. The land is dominated by lower mountain forest, lowland evergreen forest and upper mountain forest (BirdLife International 2022).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Area 1,810 km²
Coordinates -0.662290 S, 112.677723 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status[edit]

Based on the 2007-2017 Indonesian Action Plan, the estimated orangutan population in Bukit Baka (350 sq km) was 175 individuals, and in Bukit Raya (500 sq km) 500 individuals (Ministry of Forestry 2009).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii

Threats[edit]

Illegal logging and hunting represent primary sources of income for neighbouring communities (Finley 2019).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Slash-and-burn rice cultivation, rubber tree plantations (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Illegal hunting (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Illegal logging (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities[edit]

The park is a critical release site for rehabilitated orangutans.

Table 4. Conservation activities in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness 10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management Health in Harmony selected nine community members to become “forest guardians” who monitor illegal logging activity and help their neighbours access health services (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site is classified as a National Park. Ongoing (2022)
12. Species Management 12.16. Reintroduce primates as single/multiple individuals Since 2016, the Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation has worked in collaboration with the National Park authorities, the Central Kalimantan BKSDA, and USAID LESTARI to facilitate the release of rehabilitated orangutans, and three wild orangutans that were translocated from conflict areas (BOS Foundation). Ongoing
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) Health In Harmony provides accessible and affordable healthcare, as well as workshops in composting and soil regeneration (Health in Harmony). Ongoing

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges[edit]

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities[edit]

Documented behaviours[edit]

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links[edit]

Relevant datasets[edit]

A.P.E.S Portal

References[edit]

BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 17/02/2022.
Finley, N. (2019, June 12). Out on a limb: Unlikely collaboration boosts orangutans in Borneo. Mongabay Series: Great Apes. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/out-on-a-limb-unlikely-collaboration-boosts-orangutans-in-borneo/
Ministry of Forestry. (2009). Orangutan Indonesia Conservation Strategies and Action Plan 2007-2017. Jakarta, Indonesia. https://www.iucngreatapes.org/_files/ugd/16b29f_747d55ccae744ecfba2b86c42ef64cc0.pdf


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 18/02/2022

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