Difference between revisions of "Cabinda"
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[[Central Africa]] > [[Angola]] > [[Cabinda]] | [[Central Africa]] > [[Angola]] > [[Cabinda]] | ||
− | = Summary = < | + | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Cabinda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=fr&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Français]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Cabinda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=pt&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Português]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Cabinda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=es&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Español]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Cabinda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Bahasa Indonesia]''' | '''[https://wiki-iucnapesportal-org.translate.goog/index.php/Cabinda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=ms&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp Melayu]''' |
+ | |||
+ | __TOC__ | ||
+ | = Summary = | ||
+ | |||
+ | <div style="float: right">{{#display_map: height=190px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap|-4.682290 , 12.628115 ~[[Cabinda]]~Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla}}</div> | ||
* Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Angola, Cabinda. | * Central chimpanzees (''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'') and western lowland gorillas (''Gorilla gorilla gorilla'') are present in Angola, Cabinda. | ||
* It has been estimated that 1,705 (CI: 1,027–4,801) chimpanzees and 1,652 (CI: 1,174–3,311) gorillas occur in the site. | * It has been estimated that 1,705 (CI: 1,027–4,801) chimpanzees and 1,652 (CI: 1,174–3,311) gorillas occur in the site. | ||
Line 17: | Line 14: | ||
* Conservation activities are not documented. | * Conservation activities are not documented. | ||
− | = Site characteristics = | + | |
+ | = Site characteristics = | ||
The Cabinda exclave lies north of the Congo river. Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by 30 km of DRC (Caldecott & Miles 2005). It is the only part of Angola in which great apes are found. The forest of Maiombe (2,000 sq. km) supports the largest population of great apes in Cabinda (Caldecott & Miles 2005; Heffernan 2005). The Maiombe forest is part of a larger rainforest that spreads across southwest Gabon, east and northwest of Cabinda, and southwestern areas of Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Heffernan 2005). In addition to the western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee, other species inhabiting the area include forest elephants, grey parrots, guenons, various duikers, and dwarf forest buffalos (Heffernan 2005). | The Cabinda exclave lies north of the Congo river. Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by 30 km of DRC (Caldecott & Miles 2005). It is the only part of Angola in which great apes are found. The forest of Maiombe (2,000 sq. km) supports the largest population of great apes in Cabinda (Caldecott & Miles 2005; Heffernan 2005). The Maiombe forest is part of a larger rainforest that spreads across southwest Gabon, east and northwest of Cabinda, and southwestern areas of Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Heffernan 2005). In addition to the western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee, other species inhabiting the area include forest elephants, grey parrots, guenons, various duikers, and dwarf forest buffalos (Heffernan 2005). | ||
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Cabinda''' | '''Table 1. Basic site information for Cabinda''' | ||
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Site_characteristics-table" |
− | | Area | + | |Species |
+ | |Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Area | ||
|7,300 km² | |7,300 km² | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Coordinates | |Coordinates | ||
− | | -4.682290 S, 12.628115 E | + | |Lat: -4.682290 S , Lon: 12.628115 E |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |Type of site |
− | | | + | |Non-protected area |
|- | |- | ||
− | |Habitat types | + | |Habitat types |
− | |Subtropical/tropical swamp forest | + | |Subtropical/tropical swamp forest |
+ | |- | ||
+ | |Type of governance | ||
+ | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | = Ape status = | + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]] |
+ | = Ape status = | ||
Great ape population estimates have been difficult to obtain, as civil conflict has deterred field studies (Caldecott & Miles 2005). However, based on a density distribution model, the predicted chimpanzee population in Cabinda for 2013 was 1,705 (95% CI: 1,027-4,801) individuals, and the predicted gorilla population was 1,652 (95% CI: 1,174-3,311) individuals (Strindberg et al. 2018). | Great ape population estimates have been difficult to obtain, as civil conflict has deterred field studies (Caldecott & Miles 2005). However, based on a density distribution model, the predicted chimpanzee population in Cabinda for 2013 was 1,705 (95% CI: 1,027-4,801) individuals, and the predicted gorilla population was 1,652 (95% CI: 1,174-3,311) individuals (Strindberg et al. 2018). | ||
− | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates | + | '''Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cabinda''' |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Ape_status-table" |
− | ! Species | + | !Species |
− | ! Year | + | !Year |
− | ! Abundance estimate (95% CI) | + | !Abundance estimate (95% CI) |
− | ! Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | + | !Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) |
− | ! Encounter rate (nests/km) | + | !Encounter rate (nests/km) |
− | ! Area | + | !Area |
− | ! Method | + | !Method |
− | ! Source | + | !Source |
− | ! Comments | + | !Comments |
− | ! A.P.E.S. database ID | + | !A.P.E.S. database ID |
|- | |- | ||
|''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | |''Pan troglodytes troglodytes'' | ||
Line 60: | Line 64: | ||
| | | | ||
|Angola, Cabinda | |Angola, Cabinda | ||
− | | | + | |Other |
|Strindberg et al. 2018 | |Strindberg et al. 2018 | ||
| | | | ||
Line 71: | Line 75: | ||
| | | | ||
|Angola, Cabinda | |Angola, Cabinda | ||
− | | | + | |Other |
|Strindberg et al. 2018 | |Strindberg et al. 2018 | ||
| | | | ||
Line 77: | Line 81: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | = Threats = | + | = Threats = |
− | '''Table 3. Threats to apes | + | |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | |
− | ! | + | '''Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cabinda''' |
− | !Specific threats | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Threats-table" |
− | !Threat level | + | !Category |
− | + | !Specific threats | |
− | !Description | + | !Threat level |
− | !Year of threat | + | !Description |
+ | !Year of threat | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1 | + | |1 Residential & commercial development |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |2 | + | |2 Agriculture & aquaculture |
|2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | |2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | ||
|High | |High | ||
− | |||
|Encroachment into forest areas for agricultural expansion (Heffernan 2005). | |Encroachment into forest areas for agricultural expansion (Heffernan 2005). | ||
|Ongoing (2005) | |Ongoing (2005) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |3 | + | |3 Energy production & mining |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |4 | + | |4 Transportation & service corridors |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |5 | + | |5 Biological resource use |
|5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | |5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | ||
|Present, but threat severity is unknown | |Present, but threat severity is unknown | ||
− | |||
|Bushmeat hunting for subsistence and commercial purposes (Caldecott & Miles 2005). | |Bushmeat hunting for subsistence and commercial purposes (Caldecott & Miles 2005). | ||
|Ongoing (2005) | |Ongoing (2005) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |5 Biological resource use |
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | |5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | ||
|High | |High | ||
− | |||
|Local and commercial logging is widespread, often involving clear-cutting large areas (Heffernan 2005). | |Local and commercial logging is widespread, often involving clear-cutting large areas (Heffernan 2005). | ||
|Ongoing (2005) | |Ongoing (2005) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |6 | + | |6 Human intrusions & disturbance |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |7 | + | |7 Natural system modifications |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |8 | + | |8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |9 | + | |9 Pollution |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |10 | + | |10 Geological events |
| | | | ||
|Absent | |Absent | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 11 | + | |11 Climate change & severe weather |
| | | | ||
|Unknown | |Unknown | ||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |12 | + | |12 Other threat |
| | | | ||
|Absent | |Absent | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | = Conservation activities = | + | [https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list] |
+ | = Conservation activities = | ||
Since 2008, the UN Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have assisted Angola, Congo, and DR Congo to create a cooperation agreement for the management of the Mayombe Forest Transfrontier Protected Area (TPA). A transboundary management plan was approved in 2013. Due to the lack of progress in the implementation of the plan, recent discussions have been held towards the revitalization of the initiative ([https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/towards-sustainable-management-amazon-africa-mayombe-transboundary-forest UNEP]). | Since 2008, the UN Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have assisted Angola, Congo, and DR Congo to create a cooperation agreement for the management of the Mayombe Forest Transfrontier Protected Area (TPA). A transboundary management plan was approved in 2013. Due to the lack of progress in the implementation of the plan, recent discussions have been held towards the revitalization of the initiative ([https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/towards-sustainable-management-amazon-africa-mayombe-transboundary-forest UNEP]). | ||
− | '''Table | + | = Challenges = |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | |
− | ! | + | |
− | !Specific | + | |
− | ! | + | '''Table 5. Challenges reported for Cabinda''' |
− | !Year | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="Challenges-table" |
+ | !Challenges | ||
+ | !Specific challenges | ||
+ | !Source | ||
+ | !Year(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |6 Safety and stability |
− | | | + | |6.3 Civil unrest/war |
+ | |Caldecott & Miles 2005 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |4 Institutional support | ||
+ | |4.1 Lack of law enforcement | ||
+ | |Caldecott & Miles 2005 | ||
| | | | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | |||
+ | = Enablers = | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Table 6. Enablers reported for Cabinda''' | ||
+ | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="enabler-table" | ||
+ | !Enablers | ||
+ | !Specific enablers | ||
+ | !Source | ||
+ | !Year(s) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |1 Site management |
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |2 Resources and capacity |
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |3 Engaged community |
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |4 Institutional support |
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |5 Ecological context |
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | |6 Safety and stability |
− | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
| | | | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | |||
− | = | + | = Research activities = |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | = Documented behaviours = | |
+ | |||
+ | |||
− | '''Table | + | '''Table 7. Behaviours documented for Cabinda''' |
− | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class=" | + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviours-table" |
− | ! | + | !Behavior |
!Source | !Source | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Not reported | |Not reported | ||
| | | | ||
− | |||
|} | |} | ||
− | =External links= | + | = Exposure to climate change impacts = |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | = External links = | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | = Relevant datasets = | ||
+ | |||
− | |||
− | |||
= References = | = References = | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | Caldecott, J. & Miles, L. (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. University of California Press, Berkeley. | |
− | '''Page | + | |
+ | Heffernan, J. (2005). Elephants of Cabinda; Mission report, Angola, April 2005. Fauna & Flora International & United Nations Development Programme in co-operation with the Dept. of Urban Affairs and Environment, Cabinda, Angola. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Strindberg, S., Maisels, F., Williamson, E. A., Blake, S., Stokes, E. J., Aba’a, R., Abitsi, G., Agbor, A., Ambahe, R. D., Bakabana, P. C., Bechem, M., Berlemont, A., Bokoto de Semboli, B., Boundja, P. R., Bout, N., Breuer, T., Campbell, G., De Wachter, P., Ella Akou, M., … Wilkie, D. S. (2018). Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa. Science Advances, 4(4), eaar2964. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar2964 | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | '''Page created by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' NA |
Latest revision as of 11:06, 24 January 2025
Central Africa > Angola > Cabinda
Français | Português | Español | Bahasa Indonesia | Melayu
Summary
- Central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) are present in Angola, Cabinda.
- It has been estimated that 1,705 (CI: 1,027–4,801) chimpanzees and 1,652 (CI: 1,174–3,311) gorillas occur in the site.
- The great ape population trend is unknown.
- The site has a total size of 7,300 km².
- Key threats to great apes are bushmeat hunting and habitat loss as a result of agricultural expansion and logging.
- Conservation activities are not documented.
Site characteristics
The Cabinda exclave lies north of the Congo river. Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by 30 km of DRC (Caldecott & Miles 2005). It is the only part of Angola in which great apes are found. The forest of Maiombe (2,000 sq. km) supports the largest population of great apes in Cabinda (Caldecott & Miles 2005; Heffernan 2005). The Maiombe forest is part of a larger rainforest that spreads across southwest Gabon, east and northwest of Cabinda, and southwestern areas of Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo (Heffernan 2005). In addition to the western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee, other species inhabiting the area include forest elephants, grey parrots, guenons, various duikers, and dwarf forest buffalos (Heffernan 2005).
Table 1. Basic site information for Cabinda
Species | Pan troglodytes troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla gorilla |
Area | 7,300 km² |
Coordinates | Lat: -4.682290 S , Lon: 12.628115 E |
Type of site | Non-protected area |
Habitat types | Subtropical/tropical swamp forest |
Type of governance |
IUCN habitat categories Site designations
Ape status
Great ape population estimates have been difficult to obtain, as civil conflict has deterred field studies (Caldecott & Miles 2005). However, based on a density distribution model, the predicted chimpanzee population in Cabinda for 2013 was 1,705 (95% CI: 1,027-4,801) individuals, and the predicted gorilla population was 1,652 (95% CI: 1,174-3,311) individuals (Strindberg et al. 2018).
Table 2. Ape population estimates reported for Cabinda
Species | Year | Abundance estimate (95% CI) | Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) | Encounter rate (nests/km) | Area | Method | Source | Comments | A.P.E.S. database ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pan troglodytes troglodytes | 2005-2013 | 1,705 (1,027–4,801) | Angola, Cabinda | Other | Strindberg et al. 2018 | ||||
Gorilla gorilla gorilla | 2013 | 1,652 (1,174–3,311) | Angola, Cabinda | Other | Strindberg et al. 2018 |
Threats
Table 3. Threats to apes reported for Cabinda
Category | Specific threats | Threat level | Description | Year of threat |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 Residential & commercial development | Unknown | |||
2 Agriculture & aquaculture | 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops | High | Encroachment into forest areas for agricultural expansion (Heffernan 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
3 Energy production & mining | Unknown | |||
4 Transportation & service corridors | Unknown | |||
5 Biological resource use | 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Present, but threat severity is unknown | Bushmeat hunting for subsistence and commercial purposes (Caldecott & Miles 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
5 Biological resource use | 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting | High | Local and commercial logging is widespread, often involving clear-cutting large areas (Heffernan 2005). | Ongoing (2005) |
6 Human intrusions & disturbance | Unknown | |||
7 Natural system modifications | Unknown | |||
8 Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Unknown | |||
9 Pollution | Unknown | |||
10 Geological events | Absent | |||
11 Climate change & severe weather | Unknown | |||
12 Other threat | Absent |
Conservation activities
Since 2008, the UN Environment and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) have assisted Angola, Congo, and DR Congo to create a cooperation agreement for the management of the Mayombe Forest Transfrontier Protected Area (TPA). A transboundary management plan was approved in 2013. Due to the lack of progress in the implementation of the plan, recent discussions have been held towards the revitalization of the initiative (UNEP).
Challenges
Table 5. Challenges reported for Cabinda
Challenges | Specific challenges | Source | Year(s) |
---|---|---|---|
6 Safety and stability | 6.3 Civil unrest/war | Caldecott & Miles 2005 | |
4 Institutional support | 4.1 Lack of law enforcement | Caldecott & Miles 2005 |
Enablers
Table 6. Enablers reported for Cabinda
Enablers | Specific enablers | Source | Year(s) |
---|---|---|---|
1 Site management | |||
2 Resources and capacity | |||
3 Engaged community | |||
4 Institutional support | |||
5 Ecological context | |||
6 Safety and stability |
Research activities
Documented behaviours
Table 7. Behaviours documented for Cabinda
Behavior | Source |
---|---|
Not reported |
Exposure to climate change impacts
External links
Relevant datasets
References
Caldecott, J. & Miles, L. (2005). World atlas of great apes and their conservation. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Heffernan, J. (2005). Elephants of Cabinda; Mission report, Angola, April 2005. Fauna & Flora International & United Nations Development Programme in co-operation with the Dept. of Urban Affairs and Environment, Cabinda, Angola.
Strindberg, S., Maisels, F., Williamson, E. A., Blake, S., Stokes, E. J., Aba’a, R., Abitsi, G., Agbor, A., Ambahe, R. D., Bakabana, P. C., Bechem, M., Berlemont, A., Bokoto de Semboli, B., Boundja, P. R., Bout, N., Breuer, T., Campbell, G., De Wachter, P., Ella Akou, M., … Wilkie, D. S. (2018). Guns, germs, and trees determine density and distribution of gorillas and chimpanzees in Western Equatorial Africa. Science Advances, 4(4), eaar2964. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar2964
Page created by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: NA