Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

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Asia > Indonesia > Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Summary

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  • Central Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) are present in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park.
  • It has been estimated that 675 individuals occur in the site.
  • The orangutan population trend is unknown.
  • The site has a total size of 1,810 km².
  • Key threats to orangutans are illegal logging and hunting.
  • Conservation activities have focused on providing affordable healthcare, monitoring of illegal activities by community members, reintroduction of orangutans.
  • The site is a release site for rehabilitated orangutans.

Site characteristics

Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park is located on the Schwaner mountains between West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo, Indonesia. The land is dominated by lower mountain forest, lowland evergreen forest and upper mountain forest (BirdLife International 2022).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Area 1,810 km²
Coordinates -0.662290 S, 112.677723 E
Designation National Park
Habitat types Subtropical/tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical/tropical moist montane forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Based on the 2007-2017 Indonesian Action Plan, the estimated orangutan population in Bukit Baka (350 sq km) was 175 individuals, and in Bukit Raya (500 sq km) 500 individuals (Ministry of Forestry 2009).

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Species Year Abundance estimate (95% CI) Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI) Encounter rate (nests/km) Area Method Source Comments A.P.E.S. database ID
Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii

Threats

Illegal logging and hunting represent primary sources of income for neighbouring communities (Finley 2019).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Category Specific threats Threat level Quantified severity Description Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops High Slash-and-burn rice cultivation, rubber tree plantations (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
3. Energy production & mining Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors Unknown
5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals High Illegal hunting (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
5.3 Logging & wood harvesting High Illegal logging (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Unknown
7. Natural system modifications Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Unknown
9. Pollution Unknown
10. Geological Events Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather Unknown
12. Other options Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

The park is a critical release site for rehabilitated orangutans.

Table 4. Conservation activities in Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Category Specific activity Description Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture Not reported
3. Energy production & mining Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors Not reported
5. Biological resource use Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance Not reported
7. Natural system modifications Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases Not reported
9. Pollution Not reported
10. Education & Awareness 10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management Health in Harmony selected nine community members to become “forest guardians” who monitor illegal logging activity and help their neighbours access health services (Finley 2019). Ongoing (2019)
11. Habitat Protection 11.2. Legally protect primate habitat The site is classified as a National Park. Ongoing (2022)
12. Species Management 12.16. Reintroduce primates as single/multiple individuals Since 2016, the Borneo Orangutan Survival (BOS) Foundation has worked in collaboration with the National Park authorities, the Central Kalimantan BKSDA, and USAID LESTARI to facilitate the release of rehabilitated orangutans, and three wild orangutans that were translocated from conflict areas (BOS Foundation). Ongoing
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives 13.2. Provide non-monetary benefits to local communities for sustainably managing their forest and its wildlife (e.g. better education, infrastructure development) Health In Harmony provides accessible and affordable healthcare, as well as workshops in composting and soil regeneration (Health in Harmony). Ongoing

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Challenge Source
Not reported

Research activities

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park

Behavior Source
Not reported

External links

Relevant datasets

A.P.E.S Portal

References

BirdLife International (2022) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 17/02/2022.
Finley, N. (2019, June 12). Out on a limb: Unlikely collaboration boosts orangutans in Borneo. Mongabay Series: Great Apes. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/06/out-on-a-limb-unlikely-collaboration-boosts-orangutans-in-borneo/
Ministry of Forestry. (2009). Orangutan Indonesia Conservation Strategies and Action Plan 2007-2017. Jakarta, Indonesia. https://www.iucngreatapes.org/_files/ugd/16b29f_747d55ccae744ecfba2b86c42ef64cc0.pdf


Page completed by: A.P.E.S. Wiki team Date: 18/02/2022

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