Bagnomba

West Africa > Senegal > Bagnomba

Summary

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• Western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) are present in Bagnomba.
• The population size is unknown.
• The chimpanzee population trend is unknown.
• The size of the site is unknown.
• Key threats to chimpanzees are logging and transformation of land for agriculture.
• Conservation activities have focused on research activities; the site is also an offset site of the Petowal mining company.

Site characteristics

The site is located in the savanna-woodlands of southeastern Senegal, 15 km away from the Fongoli research site (Badji et al. 2018).

Table 1. Basic site information for Bagnomba

Area	km²
Coordinates	2.713017, -12.376238
Designation	Unclassified
Habitat types	Savanna, subtropical/tropical dry forest

IUCN habitat categories Site designations

Ape status

Chimpanzees are present in the area but the population size is currently unknown.

Table 2. Ape population estimates in Bagnomba

Species	Year	Abundance estimate (95% CI)	Density estimate [ind./ km²] (95% CI)	Encounter rate (nests/km)	Area	Method	Source	Comments	A.P.E.S. database ID
Pan troglodytes verus	2014-2015			Present	Bagnomba	Index survey (reconnaissance walk)	Ndiaye et al. 2017
Pan troglodytes verus	2015			Present	Bagnomba Hill, 5 sq. km	Index survey (reconnaissance walk)	Badji et al. 2018	survey effort: 65 km. 550 nests recorded
Pan troglodytes verus	2020				Bagnomba	Line transect (Distance) and camera trap survey	Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023

Threats

Direct threats at Bagnomba include deforestation around the base of the hill due to agriculture and livestock grazing. Gold mining is present within a 3 km radius from the hill (Badji et al. 2018).

Table 3. Threats to apes in Bagnomba

Category	Specific threats	Threat level	Quantified severity	Description	Year of threat
1. Residential & commercial development		Unknown
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops	High		Expansion of agricultural land in the area (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).	Ongoing (2023)
3. Energy production & mining		Unknown
4. Transportation & service corridors		Unknown
5. Biological resource use	5.3 Logging & wood harvesting	High		Extraction of timber for construction (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).	Ongoing (2023)
	5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants	High		Competition for Adansonia digitata, baobab, which chimpanzees also feed on (Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).	Ongoing (2023)
6. Human intrusion & disturbance		Unknown
7. Natural system modifications		Unknown
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases		Unknown
9. Pollution		Unknown
10. Geological Events		Absent
11. Climate change & severe weather		Unknown
12. Other options		Absent

IUCN Threats list

Conservation activities

Table 4. Conservation activities in Bagnomba

Category	Specific activity	Description	Year of activity
1. Residential & commercial development	Not reported
2. Agriculture & aquaculture	Not reported
3. Energy production & mining	Not reported
4. Transportation & service corridors	Not reported
5. Biological resource use	Not reported
6. Human intrusion & disturbance	Not reported
7. Natural system modifications	Not reported
8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases	Not reported
9. Pollution	Not reported
10. Education & Awareness	Not reported
11. Habitat Protection	Not reported
12. Species Management	Not reported
13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives	Not reported

Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)

Challenges

Table 5. Challenges reported for Bagnomba

Challenge	Source
Not reported

Research activities

A few studies have been conducted at the site, including the investigation of chimpanzee nesting behavior (Badji et al. 2018), and surveys that have included the area (Ndiaye et al. 2017, Diallo, D. pers. comm. 2023).

Documented behaviours

Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Bagnomba

Behavior	Source
Ground nest	Badji et al. 2018

References

Badji, L., Ndiaye, P. I., Lindshield, S. M., Ba, C. T., & Pruetz, J. D. (2018). Savanna chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) nesting ecology at Bagnomba (Kedougou, Senegal). Primates, 59, 235-241.
Ndiaye, P. I., Lindshield, S. M., Badji, L., & Pruetz, J. D. (2017, January). Survey of Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus (Schwarz, 1934), Outside the Protected Areas in Senegal (West Africa). In FOLIA PRIMATOLOGICA (Vol. 88, No. 2, pp. 113-114). ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND: KARGER.

Page completed by: Dame Diallo Date: 26/10/2023