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no edit summary
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Taï National Park.
* Western chimpanzees ([https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15935/17989872 ''Pan troglodytes verus'']) are present in Taï National Park.
* It has been estimated that 406 (265-623) individuals occur in the site.
* It has been estimated that 406 (CI: 265-623) individuals occur at the site.
* The chimpanzee population trend is stable.
* The chimpanzee population trend is stable.
* This site has a total size of 5,0812 km².
* This site has a total size of 5,0812 km².
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
Taï National Park (IUCN category: II) was created in 1972 and proclaimed a UNESCO world heritage site in 1982 (Criteria iii, iv, [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/195 UNESCO 2019a]). The park is located in south-western Côte d'Ivoire (5°15'-6°07'N, 7°25'-7°54'W), approximately 200 km south of Man and 100 km from the coast. With a size of 5,0812 km², it is the largest protected forest block in Côte d’Ivoire and one of the last tropical lowland forests in the Upper Guinea Region. The topography is mostly flat, but some Inselbergs occur. The majority of the forest in the park has never been logged and this mature, old-growth forest supports rich a diversity of species. It has been estimated that around 1,300 plant species occur in the park, 80-150 are endemic to the Upper Guinea region (BirdLife International 2019). Because of its diversity of bird species, notably white-breasted guinea fowl (''Agelastes meleagrides'') and large hornbill species, it is considered an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2019). Primate species recorded in the park include olive colobus (''Procolobus verus''), western red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), king colobus (''Colobus polykomos''), and Diana monkey (''Cercopithecus diana''). Other mammal species include the Pel's flying squirrel (''Anomalurus peli''), forest elephant (''Loxodonta africana ''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), Water chevrotain (''Hyemoschus aquaticus''), African buffalo (''Syncerus caffer''), and a range of duikers, including Maxwell's duiker (''Philantomba maxwellii''), black duiker (''Cephalophus niger''), zebra duiker (''Cephalophus zebra''), and Jentink's duiker (''Cephalophus jentinki''). Reptile species include (''Crocodylus cataphractus'') and African dwarf crocodile (''Osteolaemus tetraspis''), Home's hinge-back tortoise (''Kinixys homeana'').
Taï National Park (IUCN category: II) was created in 1972 and proclaimed a UNESCO world heritage site in 1982 (Criteria iii, iv, [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/195 UNESCO 2019a]). The park is located in south-western Côte d'Ivoire (5°15'-6°07'N, 7°25'-7°54'W), approximately 200 km south of Man and 100 km from the coast. With a size of 5,0812 km², it is the largest protected forest block in Côte d’Ivoire and one of the last tropical lowland forests in the Upper Guinea Region. The topography is mostly flat, but some Inselbergs occur. The majority of the forest in the park has never been logged and this mature, old-growth forest supports rich a diversity of species. It has been estimated that around 1,300 species occur in the park, 80-150 are endemic to the Upper Guinea region (BirdLife International 2019). Because of its diversity of bird species, notably white-breasted guinea fowl (''Agelastes meleagrides'') and large hornbill species, it is also considered an Important Bird Area (BirdLife International 2019). Primate species recorded in the park include olive colobus (''Procolobus verus''), western red colobus (''Piliocolobus badius''), king colobus (''Colobus polykomos''), and Diana monkey (''Cercopithecus diana''). Other mammal species include the Pel's flying squirrel (''Anomalurus peli''), forest elephant (''Loxodonta africana ''), pygmy hippopotamus (''Choeropsis liberiensis''), Water chevrotain (''Hyemoschus aquaticus''), African buffalo (''Syncerus caffer''), and a range of duikers, including Maxwell's duiker (''Philantomba maxwellii''), black duiker (''Cephalophus niger''), zebra duiker (''Cephalophus zebra''), and Jentink's duiker (''Cephalophus jentinki''). Reptile species include (''Crocodylus cataphractus'') and African dwarf crocodile (''Osteolaemus tetraspis''), Home's hinge-back tortoise (''Kinixys homeana'').
Taï National Park is home to one of the longest-running chimpanzee research sites. Since 1979, the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees has been studied by the [https://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/research-groups/chimpanzees/field-sites/tai-chimpanzee-project.html Taï Chimpanzee Project]. Research has also been ongoing for several decades at the [https://www.taimonkeys.org/#! Taï Monkey Project]. Taï National Park is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR). There are two eco-tourism sites, one near the town of Taï (managed by WCF, www.ecotourismetai.com) and one near Djouroutou Ecotel Touraco (managed by a private manager, Mr. Louis DIAKITE).
Taï National Park is home to one of the longest-running chimpanzee research sites. Since 1979, the behavior and ecology of chimpanzees has been studied by the [https://www.eva.mpg.de/primat/research-groups/chimpanzees/field-sites/tai-chimpanzee-project.html Taï Chimpanzee Project]. Research has also been ongoing for several decades at the [https://www.taimonkeys.org/#! Tai monkey Project]. Taï National Park is managed by the Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Réserves (OIPR).
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
= Ape status = <!-- a text overview of ape status (population sizes, trends etc), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Since 2005 annual surveys on western chimpanzees have been implemented by OIPR and the [https://www.wildchimps.org/index.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF)]. Estimates chimpanzee abundance ranges between 300-800 individuals and the population seems to be stable (Campbell et al. 2008). Since 2016, the WCF also uses camera traps to systematically monitor biodiversity in 200 km2 in the Taï National Park.
Since 2005 annual surveys on western chimpanzees have been implemented by OIPR and the [https://www.wildchimps.org/index.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF)]. Estimated chimpanzee abundance ranges between 300-800 individuals and the population seems to be stable (Campbell et al. 2008). Since 2016, the WCF uses camera traps to systematically monitor biodiversity in 200 km2 in the Taï National Park (Cappelle et al. 2019).
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Taï National Park'''
'''Table 2: Great ape population estimates in Taï National Park'''
|0.07 (0.05-0.11)
|0.07 (0.05-0.11)
|0.265
|0.265
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|Tiédoué et al. 2016
|Tiédoué et al. 2016
|0.099 (0.060-0.169)
|0.099 (0.060-0.169)
|0.57
|0.57
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|Tiédoué et al. 2015
|Tiédoué et al. 2015
|0.044 (0.022-0.091)
|0.044 (0.022-0.091)
|0.67
|0.67
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|Tiédoué et al. 2014
|Tiédoué et al. 2014
|0.055 (0.032-0.093)
|0.055 (0.032-0.093)
|0.49
|0.49
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|Tiédoué et al. 2013
|Tiédoué et al. 2013
|0.0493 (0.0252-0.0966)
|0.0493 (0.0252-0.0966)
|0.39
|0.39
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|Yapi et al. 2012
|Yapi et al. 2012
|0.09 (0.05-0.16)
|0.09 (0.05-0.16)
|0.58
|0.58
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran et al. 2011
|N'Goran et al. 2011
|0.08 (0.05-0.14)
|0.08 (0.05-0.14)
|0.89
|0.89
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran et al. 2010
|N'Goran et al. 2010
|0.077 (0.040-0.147)
|0.077 (0.040-0.147)
|1.22
|1.22
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran et al. 2009
|N'Goran et al. 2009
|0.10 (0.06-0.16)
|0.10 (0.06-0.16)
|0.91
|0.91
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran et al. 2008
|N'Goran et al. 2008
|0.09 (0.06-0.14)
|0.09 (0.06-0.14)
|0.54
|0.54
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran et al. 2007
|N'Goran et al. 2007
|0.089 (0.052-0.155)
|0.089 (0.052-0.155)
|0.54
|0.54
|Entire
|entire
|Line transects (Distance)
|Line transects (Distance)
|N'Goran et al. 2006
|N'Goran et al. 2006
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park. Habitat destruction by agriculture, illegal logging and gold mining in some areas of the park also threaten the long-term existence of chimpanzees in this area. Furthermore, long-term research by the Tai Chimpanzee Project established that Ebola virus (Formenti et al., 1999), Anthrax (Leendertz et al. 2004) and respiratory diseases of human origin (Köndgen et al., 2008) killed a considerable number of chimpanzees.
Illegal poaching represents the major threat to the chimpanzee population in the park. Habitat destruction by agriculture, illegal logging and gold mining in some areas of the park also threatens the long-term existence of chimpanzees. Furthermore, long-term research by the Taï Chimpanzee Project and the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin confirmed that Ebola virus (Formenti et al., 1999), Anthrax (Leendertz et al. 2004) and respiratory diseases of human origin (Köndgen et al., 2008) killed a considerable number of chimpanzees.
While human population density was low in the 1970s when the park was created it has grown considerably since resulting in increasing pressure on the park, especially since the arrival of refugees from Liberia during the civil war (BirdLife International 2019). All forest around Taï has now been cleared.
While human population density was low in the 1970s when the park was created it has grown considerably afterwards, resulting in increasing pressure on the park, especially since the arrival of refugees from Liberia during the civil war (BirdLife International 2019). All forest around Taï has been cleared.
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Taï National Park'''
'''Table 3: Threats to great apes in Taï National Park'''
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
= Conservation activities = <!-- a text overview of conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
In the 1970's the first research station was built in Taï National Park and since then several research projects have been conducted on different species. In particular, long-term studies by the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) established in 1979 and the Taï Monkey Project (TMP) established in 1989 ensured and continue to ensure the presence of researchers at the research sites, which have been shown to have a positive influence on local chimpanzee densities (Campbell et al. 2011). Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Reserves does an annual bio-monitoring survey over the entire park and, in addition, Wild Chimpanzee Foundation also does an annual bio-monitoring survey over the research area in collaboration with the TCP. OIPR and WCF also conduct regular patrols across the entire park to control illegal activities. A range of environmental awareness activities have also been implemented, including eco-museum, theater, radio shows (WCF 2015, 2018). Two Eco-tourism projects have also been developed in the Taï and Djouroutou area. Finally, the Taï Chimpanzee Project in implementing a set of measures to prevent the transmission of human diseases to the chimpanzees (Grützmacher et al. 2018).
In the 1970's the first research station was built in Taï National Park and since then several research projects have been conducted on different species. In particular, long-term studies by the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) established in 1979 and the Taï Monkey Project (TMP) established in 1989 ensured and continue to ensure the presence of researchers at the research sites, which have been shown to have a positive influence on local chimpanzee densities (Campbell et al. 2011). Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Reserves (OIPR) does an annual bio-monitoring survey over the entire park and, in addition, the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) also does an annual bio-monitoring survey over the research area in collaboration with the TCP. OIPR and WCF also conduct regular patrols across the entire park to control for illegal human activities. A range of environmental awareness activities have been implemented, including an eco-museum in Taï, theater plays, movie presentations, newsletters, Club P.A.N., radio shows (WCF 2015, 2018). Two Eco-tourism projects have been developed in the Taï and Djouroutou area. Finally, the Taï Chimpanzee Project is implementing a set of measures to prevent the transmission of human diseases to the chimpanzees (Grützmacher et al. 2018).
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Taï National Park'''
'''Table 4: Conservation activities in Taï National Park'''
|-
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Absent
|2.10. Certify farms and market their products as ‘primate friendly’
|
|support unions of female farmers in the commercialization and promotion of ‘zero deforestation’ agricultural products, including honey from bee-keeping, makore butter, and cacao (WCF 2018)
|
|Ongoing (2018)
|-
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|3. Energy production & mining
|8.7. Wear face-masks to avoid transmission of viral and bacterial diseases to primates
|8.7. Wear face-masks to avoid transmission of viral and bacterial diseases to primates
|mandatory to wear face-masks (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|mandatory to wear face-masks (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|Since 2004
|since 2004
|-
|-
|
|
|8.8. Keep safety distance to habituated animals
|8.8. Keep safety distance to habituated animals
|minimum viewing distance of 7 m (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|minimum viewing distance of 7 m (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|Since 1999
|since 1999
|-
|-
|
|
|8.10. Implement quarantine for people arriving at, and leaving the site
|8.10. Implement quarantine for people arriving at, and leaving the site
|quarantine in a separate quarantine camp (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|quarantine in a separate quarantine camp (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|Since 2008
|since 2008
|-
|-
|
|
|8.12. Ensure that researchers/tourists are up-to-date with vaccinations and healthy
|8.12. Ensure that researchers/tourists are up-to-date with vaccinations and healthy
|visitors have to be vaccinated against measles, all researchers have to be up-to-date with vaccines (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|visitors have to be vaccinated against measles, all researchers have to be up-to-date with vaccines (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|Since 2008
|since 2008
|-
|-
|
|
|8.13. Regularly disinfect clothes, boots etc.
|8.13. Regularly disinfect clothes, boots etc.
|‘hygiene barrier’ implemented mandating changing clothes and disinfecting boots (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|‘hygiene barrier’ implemented mandating changing clothes and disinfecting boots (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|Since 2002
|since 2002
|-
|-
|
|
|8.20. Implement continuous health monitoring with permanent vet on site
|8.20. Implement continuous health monitoring with permanent vet on site
|veterinary at research site since 2000 (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|veterinary at research site since 2000 (Grützmacher et al. 2018)
|Since 2000
|since 2000
|-
|-
|
|
|10. Education & Awareness
|10. Education & Awareness
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|10.1. Educate local communities about primates and sustainable use
|environmental awareness raising activities include eco-museum, community meetings, extra-curricular activities in schools (WCF 2015, WCF 2018)
|environmental awareness raising activities include eco-museum, community meetings, extra-curricular activities in schools Club P.A.N., radio shows, newsletters, theater plays with discussion rounds and movie presentations (WCF 2015, WCF 2018)
|Ongoing (2018)
|Ongoing (2018)
|-
|-
|
|
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
|10.2. Involve local community in primate research and conservation management
|people hired by research and conservation projects (Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019, Taï Monkey Project 2019, WCF 2018)
|people hired and trained by research and conservation projects (Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019, Taï Monkey Project 2019, WCF 2018)
|Ongoing (2019)
|Ongoing (2019)
|-
|-
|
|
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
|10.4. Regularly play TV & radio announcements to raise primate conservation awareness
|several sets of radio programs played regularly (WCF 2018)
|several sets of radio programs played regularly (WCF 2018)
|Ongoing (2018)
|Ongoing (2018)
|-
|-
|
|
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
|10.5. Implement multimedia campaigns using theatre, film, print media, discussions
|theater tour, community discussions, radio, environmental days, eco-museum (WCF 2015, WCF 2018)
|theater tour, community discussions, radio, environmental days, eco-museum (WCF 2015, WCF 2018)
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|11.2. Legally protect primate habitat
|designated as National Park in 1972 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
|designated as National Park in 1972 (UNEP-WCMC and IUCN 2019)
|Since 1972
|since 1972
|-
|-
|12. Species Management
|12. Species Management
|13.3. Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site
|13.3. Run research project and ensure permanent human presence at site
|3 long-term research projects: Tai Chimpanzee Project (since 1979, Boesch & Boesch-Achermann 2000, Wittig 2018), Tai Monkey Project (since 1989, McGraw et al. 2007) and Tai Hippo Project (since 2013, IBREAM 2018)
|3 long-term research projects: Tai Chimpanzee Project (since 1979, Boesch & Boesch-Achermann 2000, Wittig 2018), Tai Monkey Project (since 1989, McGraw et al. 2007) and Tai Hippo Project (since 2013, IBREAM 2018)
|Since 1979
|since 1979
|-
|-
|
|
|13.4. Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
|13.4. Run tourist projects and ensure permanent human presence at site
|2 ecotourism sites (Taï and Djouroutou, initiated in 2013, WCF 2015, WCF 2018)
|2 ecotourism sites (Taï and Djouroutou, initiated in 2013, WCF 2015, WCF 2018)
|Since 2013
|since 2013
|-
|-
|
|
|13.5. Permanent presence of staff/manager
|13.5. Permanent presence of staff/manager
|Boesch & Boesch-Achermann 2000, McGraw et al. 2007, Wittig 2018
|Boesch & Boesch-Achermann 2000, McGraw et al. 2007, Wittig 2018
|Since 1979
|since 1979
|-
|-
|}
|}
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
= Impediments = <!-- Overview of impediments to ape conservation -->
Widespread poaching shows that there is still a lack of sufficient law enforcement (EoH 2010).
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Taï National Park'''
'''Table 5: Impediments reported for Taï National Park'''
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
Since 1979 chimpanzees have been studied in Taï National Park by the Taï Chimpanzee Project (Tai Chimpanzee Project 2019), while the Taï Monkey project studies different monkey species since 1989 (Tai Monkey Project 2019). A wide range of topics have been studied including behavior, culture, feeding ecology, sociality, health, biomonitoring method, and conservation interventions. Since 2013, research is also ongoing on the pygmy hippo (IBREAM 2018).
Since 1979 chimpanzees have been studied in Taï National Park by the Taï Chimpanzee Project (Tai Chimpanzee Project 2019), while the Taï Monkey Project studies different monkey species since 1989 (Tai Monkey Project 2019). A wide range of topics have been studied including behavior, culture, feeding ecology, sociality, health, biomonitoring methods, and conservation interventions. Since 2013, research is also ongoing on the pygmy hippo (IBREAM 2018).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
|Ant eating without tools
|Ant eating without tools
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|-
|Branch clasping
|Whiten et al. 1999
|-
|Branch dragging
|Whiten et al. 1999
|-
|Branch slapping
|Whiten et al. 1999
|-
|Buttress beating
|Whiten et al. 1999
|-
|Fluid dipping
|Whiten et al. 1999
|-
|-
|Honey eating
|Honey eating
|Honey extraction with tools
|Honey extraction with tools
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|-
|Honey extraction without tools
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|-
|Knuckle-knock
|Whiten et al. 1999
|-
|-
|Leaf clipping
|Leaf clipping
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|Luncz and Boesch 2015, Kühl et al. 2019, Taï Chimpanzee Project 2019
|-
|-
|Wood pounding
|Whiten et al. 1999
|}
|}
Campbell, G., Kuehl, H., N´Goran, K.P. and Boesch, C.(2008). Alarming decline of West African chimpanzees in Côte d´Ivoire. Current Biology, 18(19). <br>
Campbell, G., Kuehl, H., N´Goran, K.P. and Boesch, C.(2008). Alarming decline of West African chimpanzees in Côte d´Ivoire. Current Biology, 18(19). <br>
Campbell, G., Kuehl, H., Diarrassouba, A., N’Goran, P. K., and Boesch, C. (2011). Long-term research sites as refugia for threatened and over-harvested species. Biol. Lett. 7, 723–726. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0155 <br>
Campbell, G., Kuehl, H., Diarrassouba, A., N’Goran, P. K., and Boesch, C. (2011). Long-term research sites as refugia for threatened and over-harvested species. Biol. Lett. 7, 723–726. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0155 <br>
Cappelle N et al. 2019. Validating camera trap distance sampling for chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology 81(3): e22962 <br>
EoH. 2010. Evaluation de l’efficacité de gestion Parc National de Taï, Enhancing our Heritage (EoH). Programme Aires Protégées d’Afrique du Centre et de l’Ouest. UICN <br>
EoH. 2010. Evaluation de l’efficacité de gestion Parc National de Taï, Enhancing our Heritage (EoH). Programme Aires Protégées d’Afrique du Centre et de l’Ouest. UICN <br>
Formenty, P., Boesch, C., Wyers, M., Steiner, C., Donati, F., Dind, F., Walker, F., Le Guenno, B. (1999). Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees in a rainforest of Côte d'Ivoire. J.Infect.Dis., 179(1): 120-126. <br>
Formenty, P., Boesch, C., Wyers, M., Steiner, C., Donati, F., Dind, F., Walker, F., Le Guenno, B. (1999). Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees in a rainforest of Côte d'Ivoire. J.Infect.Dis., 179(1): 120-126. <br>
WCF. 2018. Annual report 2018 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] <br>
WCF. 2018. Annual report 2018 – activities of the Wild Chimpanzee Foundation for improved conservation of chimpanzees and their habitat in West Africa. Online: [https://www.wildchimps.org/reports/reports.html Wild Chimpanzee Foundation] <br>
WCF, OIPR-PNT, WWF, CSRS, KFW, EU, UNEP, GRASP and GTZ. 2008. Etat du Parc National de Tai. Rapport de Resultats de Biomonitoring Phase III (Août 2007-Mars 2008) <br>
WCF, OIPR-PNT, WWF, CSRS, KFW, EU, UNEP, GRASP and GTZ. 2008. Etat du Parc National de Tai. Rapport de Resultats de Biomonitoring Phase III (Août 2007-Mars 2008) <br>
Whiten et al. 1999. Cultures in chimpanzees. Nature 399: 682-685 <br>
Wittig R. 2018. 40 years of research at the Taï Chimpanzee Project. Pan Africa News 25(2): 16-18 <br>
Wittig R. 2018. 40 years of research at the Taï Chimpanzee Project. Pan Africa News 25(2): 16-18 <br>
Yao, C. Y. Adou and Roussel, Bernard (2007). Forest Management, Farmers' Practices and Biodiversity Conservation in the Monogaga Protected Coastal Forest in Southwest Côte D'Ivoire. Africa, 77(1):63-85. <br>
Yao, C. Y. Adou and Roussel, Bernard (2007). Forest Management, Farmers' Practices and Biodiversity Conservation in the Monogaga Protected Coastal Forest in Southwest Côte D'Ivoire. Africa, 77(1):63-85. <br>
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'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team '''Date:''' 11/10/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
'''Page completed by:''' A.P.E.S. Wiki Team & Julia Riedel '''Date:''' 22/11/2019 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
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