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Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area (view source)
Revision as of 11:32, 12 February 2023
, 11:32, 12 February 2023Created page with "<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION - Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images. - Text and images are not restricted, and their for..."
<!-- INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPLOADING SITE INFORMATION
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
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[[Asia]] > [[Vietnam]] > [[Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
| 22.883148, 106.704305~[[Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area]]~Eastern Black Gibbons
}}
</div>
* Eastern Black Gibbons (''Nomascus nasutus'') are present in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area.
* It has been estimated that 100-130 individuals occur in the site.
* The gibbon population trend is stable.
* The site has a total size of 16.56 km².
* Key threats to gibbons are habitat degradation, timber extraction.
* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness raising, and regular patrols.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area is located in the Trung Khanh District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, bordering China. The population is believed to be confined to this area and therefore is of high international and national importance for gibbon conservation. The population was rediscovered by FFI Vietnamese scientists in 2002 in a small fragmented forest (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|16.56 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|22.883148, 106.704305
|-
|Designation
|Conservation area
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Gibbons were first recorded in the area in 2002. In 2007 a gibbon census recorded 17 groups of 94 to 96 individuals; including the groups in China, the total population was estimated at 18 groups of 110 individuals (Rawson et al. 2011). In 2009 Chinese researchers in Jingxi County, Guangxi Province observed the formation of a new group along the border. Other gibbons surveys have been conducted in 2007, 2006, and 2002, however, due to differing survey efforts, objectives (e.g. training local patrol staff, rapid assessment), seasonal variation, survey results cannot be directly compared. Nevertheless, the population trend is increasing (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
! Total number groups (95% CI)
! Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Nomascus nasutus''
|2002
|26-28
|5
|
|Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area
|Unknown
|Geissmann et al. 2002
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The small size of the site, limited extent of gibbon habitat and ongoing (but decreasing) degradation of habitat are the main threats to gibbons. Local communities extract timber from the site for fuelwood, waterwheels, house construction and other domestic use, and they collect non-timber forest products and food for livestock. Due to their small population size, gibbons are vulnerable to stochastic events such as fire, disease or reduced gene flow. In addition, climate change may impact the extent and composition of remaining gibbon habitat (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Present, but threat level unknown
|
|Collection of non-timber forest products and food for livestock (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Present, but threat level unknown
|
| Extraction of timber for fuelwood, waterwheels, house construction and other domestic use (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
The Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area was designated in Trung Khanh District in 2007. In 2009 a contiguous nature reserve was designated in Jingxi County, China. FFI has worked with local government agencies and communities in both Trung Khanh District and Jingxi County since 2003 and 2006 respectively (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|With support from IUCN SOS Gibbons, FFI and the FPD conduct regular patrols to protect the gibbon population and the conservation area (Ali, N. 2022).
||Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
|During patrols the rangers collect data using the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) (Ali, N. 2022).
||Ongoing (2022)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|FFI has also been working to raise awareness, for example, in 2020 FFI organised an environmental education course. FFI also organised three Cao-vit Gibbon festivals in Phong Nam and Ngoc Khe communes over the last three years. The festivals were attended by more than 1,500 people and offered a range of activities for adults and children (Ali, N. 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
The Cao-vit Gibbon Conservation Team, which consists of 11 members including government staff and people from local communities, conduct regular monitoring of the gibbon population in the conservation area. A novel method being piloted in the area is acoustic monitoring. FFI has deployed 50 audio moths across the entire range of the gibbon population in the conservation area. Data collected by these devices will help to improve the accuracy of population survey and monitoring results (Ali, N. 2022).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://www.fauna-flora.org/projects/transboundary-cao-vit-gibbon-conservation-cao-bang-province/ FFI]
= References =
Ali, Noor (Dec 06, 2022). Saving the Cao-vit Gibbon in northern Vietnam. Online: https://www.iucn.org/blog/202212/saving-cao-vit-gibbon-northern-vietnam<br>
Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 10/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->
- Wiki pages contain information in paragraphs, tables, lists, and images.
- Text and images are not restricted, and their formats can be chosen as desired.
- Tables and lists are extracted as data, so the following restrictions apply to them:
1) Table structure cannot be changed.
2) List format should not change, i.e. they are comma separated lists, not bullet points or numbered lists.
3) To make information comparable across wiki pages, keywords must be taken from the list of permitted words, or added to the list of permitted keywords. This is why we use official lists, e.g., IUCN classification lists, in our tables.
-->
[[Asia]] > [[Vietnam]] > [[Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area]]
= Summary = <!-- An overview of the site, with one sentence for each section. May include a site map -->
<div style="float: right">
{{#display_map: height=200px | width=300px | scrollzoom=off | zoom=5 | layers= OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap
| 22.883148, 106.704305~[[Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area]]~Eastern Black Gibbons
}}
</div>
* Eastern Black Gibbons (''Nomascus nasutus'') are present in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area.
* It has been estimated that 100-130 individuals occur in the site.
* The gibbon population trend is stable.
* The site has a total size of 16.56 km².
* Key threats to gibbons are habitat degradation, timber extraction.
* Conservation activities have focused on education and awareness raising, and regular patrols.
= Site characteristics = <!-- A paragraph summary of physical and geographic aspects of the site, and a table of key information -->
The Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area is located in the Trung Khanh District, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, bordering China. The population is believed to be confined to this area and therefore is of high international and national importance for gibbon conservation. The population was rediscovered by FFI Vietnamese scientists in 2002 in a small fragmented forest (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 1. Basic site information for Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="basic-information"
| Area <!-- Please include units: km2/ha e.g 200ha -->
|16.56 km²
|-
|Coordinates
|22.883148, 106.704305
|-
|Designation
|Conservation area
|-
|Habitat types <!-- List IUCN Habitat Classification 3.0 categories present (without number), see link below -->
|Subtropical/tropical moist montane forest
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme IUCN habitat categories] [[Site designations]]
= Ape status = <!--An overview of ape population status (population sizes, trends, etc.), followed by a table of specific surveys and results -->
Gibbons were first recorded in the area in 2002. In 2007 a gibbon census recorded 17 groups of 94 to 96 individuals; including the groups in China, the total population was estimated at 18 groups of 110 individuals (Rawson et al. 2011). In 2009 Chinese researchers in Jingxi County, Guangxi Province observed the formation of a new group along the border. Other gibbons surveys have been conducted in 2007, 2006, and 2002, however, due to differing survey efforts, objectives (e.g. training local patrol staff, rapid assessment), seasonal variation, survey results cannot be directly compared. Nevertheless, the population trend is increasing (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 2. Ape population estimates in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="population-estimate-table"
! Species
! Year
! Total number indiv. (95% CI)
! Total number groups (95% CI)
! Density [groups/km²] (95% CI)
! Area
! Method
! Source
! Comments
! A.P.E.S. database ID
|-
|''Nomascus nasutus''
|2002
|26-28
|5
|
|Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area
|Unknown
|Geissmann et al. 2002
|
|
|}
= Threats = <!-- a text overview of threats, followed by a table of key threats -->
The small size of the site, limited extent of gibbon habitat and ongoing (but decreasing) degradation of habitat are the main threats to gibbons. Local communities extract timber from the site for fuelwood, waterwheels, house construction and other domestic use, and they collect non-timber forest products and food for livestock. Due to their small population size, gibbons are vulnerable to stochastic events such as fire, disease or reduced gene flow. In addition, climate change may impact the extent and composition of remaining gibbon habitat (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 3. Threats to apes in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="threats-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE THREAT CATEGORIES -->
!Specific threats <!-- For specific threats, please use list of comma separated keywords from the IUCN list linked below -->
!Threat level <!-- For threat level, please use keywords: low, medium, high, present, absent, unknown-->
!Quantified severity <!-- Enter any available quantification of the threat, e.g., the proportion of the area affected by the threat, hunting sign encounter rates-->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of threat <!-- Enter specific year(s), “ongoing”, or “unknown”. If the threat is ongoing, please add the year of reference in parentheses -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants
|Present, but threat level unknown
|
|Collection of non-timber forest products and food for livestock (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|
|5.3 Logging & wood harvesting
|Present, but threat level unknown
|
| Extraction of timber for fuelwood, waterwheels, house construction and other domestic use (Rawson et al. 2011).
|Ongoing (2011)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|10. Geological Events
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
| 11. Climate change & severe weather
|
|Unknown
|
|
|
|-
|12. Other options
|
|Absent
|
|
|
|-
|}
[https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme IUCN Threats list]
= Conservation activities = <!-- A summary of the conservation activities, followed by a table of key activities -->
The Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area was designated in Trung Khanh District in 2007. In 2009 a contiguous nature reserve was designated in Jingxi County, China. FFI has worked with local government agencies and communities in both Trung Khanh District and Jingxi County since 2003 and 2006 respectively (Rawson et al. 2011).
'''Table 4. Conservation activities in Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="conservation-actions-table"
!align="left"|Category <!-- PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE CATEGORIES -->
!Specific activity <!-- For specific threats, please use list from the list linked below, OR enter “Not reported” -->
!Description <!-- Add descriptive information -->
!Year of activity <!-- Add descriptive information -->
|-
|1. Residential & commercial development
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|2. Agriculture & aquaculture
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|3. Energy production & mining
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|4. Transportation & service corridors
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|5. Biological resource use
|5.6. Conduct regular anti-poaching patrols
|With support from IUCN SOS Gibbons, FFI and the FPD conduct regular patrols to protect the gibbon population and the conservation area (Ali, N. 2022).
||Ongoing (2022)
|-
|
|5.15. Implement monitoring surveillance strategies (e.g. SMART) or use monitoring data to improve effectiveness of wildlife law enforcement patrols
|During patrols the rangers collect data using the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) (Ali, N. 2022).
||Ongoing (2022)
|-
|6. Human intrusion & disturbance
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|7. Natural system modifications
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes, diseases
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|9. Pollution
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|10. Education & Awareness
|Not reported
|FFI has also been working to raise awareness, for example, in 2020 FFI organised an environmental education course. FFI also organised three Cao-vit Gibbon festivals in Phong Nam and Ngoc Khe communes over the last three years. The festivals were attended by more than 1,500 people and offered a range of activities for adults and children (Ali, N. 2022).
|Ongoing (2022)
|-
|11. Habitat Protection
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|12. Species Management
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|13. Livelihood; Economic & Other Incentives
|Not reported
|
|
|-
|}
[[Conservation activities list (Junker et al. 2017)]]
= Challenges = <!-- Overview of challenges in ape conservation -->
'''Table 5. Challenges reported for Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="challenges-table"
!align="left"|Challenge <!-- Do not change categories -->
!Source <!-- Source for challenge mentioned -->
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
= Research activities = <!-- Overview of research activities -->
The Cao-vit Gibbon Conservation Team, which consists of 11 members including government staff and people from local communities, conduct regular monitoring of the gibbon population in the conservation area. A novel method being piloted in the area is acoustic monitoring. FFI has deployed 50 audio moths across the entire range of the gibbon population in the conservation area. Data collected by these devices will help to improve the accuracy of population survey and monitoring results (Ali, N. 2022).
===Documented behaviours=== <!-- List of any behaviours observed at the site, including citations -->
'''Table 6. Ape behaviors reported for Cao Vit Gibbon Conservation Area'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" class="behaviors-table"
!align="left"|Behavior
!Source
|-
|Not reported
|
|-
|}
=External links=
[https://www.fauna-flora.org/projects/transboundary-cao-vit-gibbon-conservation-cao-bang-province/ FFI]
= References =
Ali, Noor (Dec 06, 2022). Saving the Cao-vit Gibbon in northern Vietnam. Online: https://www.iucn.org/blog/202212/saving-cao-vit-gibbon-northern-vietnam<br>
Rawson, B. M, Insua-Cao, P., Nguyen Manh Ha, Van Ngoc Thinh, Hoang Minh Duc, Mahood, S., Geissmann, T. and Roos, C. 2011. The Conservation Status of Gibbons in Vietnam. Fauna & Flora International/Conservation International, Hanoi, Vietnam <br>
<br>
'''Page completed by: '''A.P.E.S. Wiki team''' Date:''' 10/02/2023 <!-- If you don't want to add your name, you can add "A.P.E.S. Wiki team" -->